HOME

“STS”$B$H$O2?$+(J

$BJ?@n=(9,!!(J($BBg:eBg3X(J   $B5~ET=w;RBg3X8=Be)

$B:G=*99?7F|(J: 2001$BG/(J5$B7n(J15$BF|(J


1. $B2J3X!&5;=Q$K$D$$$F$N3X:]E*!&J,Ln2#CGE*8&5f$H$7$F$N(JSTS

2. $BCN<1

3. $B$B!!(J(5/15 $B2CI.!&J8>O:F9=@.(J)

4. $BCN<1@/<#3X$+$i(JSTS$B$r9M$($k(J(1)$B!'!!0dEA;RAH$_49$(:nJ*$r$a$0$k%j%9%/O@!?5,@)2J3XO@(J

5. $BCN<1@/<#3X$+$i(JSTS$B$r9M$($k(J(2)$B!'!!0lHL;TL1$N2J3XM}2r(J (5/15 5.4$B$K2CI.(J)

6. $BLdBj$N3HD%E*:FDj5A$H$7$F$N(JSTS ($B=`HwCf(J)


$B!V(JSTS$B$H$O2?$@$m$&$+!#!W!!F|K\$G$O$^$@Fk@w$_$N$J$$8&5fEAE}$G$"$k$?$a!"@lLg30$N?M$+$i>o$K?R$M$i$l$kLd$$$G$"$k$H$H$b$K!"2f!9$N6H3&$G7+$jJV$5$l$kLd$$$+$1$@!#(J

1. $B2J3X!&5;=Q$K$D$$$F$N3X:]E*!&J,Ln2#CGE*8&5f$H$7$F$N(JSTS

$B!!(JSTS$B$H$O!"(J“Science, Technology and Society”$B$^$?$O(J“Science and Technology Studies”$B$NN,$G!"F|K\8l$J$i$=$l$>$l!V2J3X5;=Q

$B!!(JSTS$B$r$I$N$h$&$K8F$\$&$H$b!"$=$N:GBg$NFCD'$O!"3X:]@-(J(interdisciplinarity)$B$b$7$/$OJ,Ln2#CG@-(J(transdisciplinarity)$B$K$"$k!#@lLgJ,Ln(J(discipline)$B$N6hJ,$GI=$;$P(JSTS$B$K$O!"2J3X

$B2J3X;K!?5;=Q;K(J $B2J3X!&5;=Q$NNr;K$r07$&!#(J
$B2J3XE/3X!?5;=QE/3X(J $B2J3X!&5;=Q$NE/3XE*!&M}O@E*LdBj$r07$&!#(J
$B2J3X5;=Q@/:v3X(J $B2J3X5;=Q@/:v(J($B2J3X!&5;=Q$N$?$a$N@/:v(J)$B$d!"2J3X!&5;=Q$HB>$N@/:v(J($B$?$H$($P4D6-@/:v$d8x=01R@8@/:v$J$I$N8x6&@/:v(J)$B$H$N$+$+$o$j$r07$&!#(J
$B2J3X7WNL3X(J(scientometrics) $B2J3XO@J8@8;:NL$d0zMQ4X78!"FbMFJ,@O$rDjNLE*$K07$&!#(J
$B2J3X%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s3X(J $B@lLg2H$HAG?M$N$"$$$@$N2J3X>pJs$K4X$9$k%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$d2J3X%8%c!<%J%j%:%`$N=tLdBj$r07$&!#(J
$B2J3X?MN`3X(J $B0[J82==8CD$N$+$o$j$K]$K$7$??MN`3XE*!&L1B/;oE*8&5f!#

$BB>$K$b!"2J3X!&5;=Q3hF0$N7P:Q3XE*B&LL$d0lHL7P:Q$H$N$+$+$o$j$r07$&2J3X5;=Q7P:Q3X!"2J3X$H;JK!$N4X$o$j$r07$&2J3X5;=QK!3X$J$I!"4pK\E*$K$O!"4{B8$N?MJ8!&

$B!!$^$?J,Ln$G$O$J$/!"%F!<%^JL$G<($;$P!"$?$H$($PI.$BCN<1@/<#3X(J$B!W$G$O!"2J3X5;=Q@/:v(J(ST Policy = Policy FOR ST)$B$d!"2J3X!&5;=Q$H@/:v0lHL$H$N4X$o$j(J(ST AND Policy)$B$@$1$G$J$/!"2J3X$d5;=Q$H$$$&3hF0$d$=$NFbMF(J($BCN<1$d%F%/%N%m%8!<(J)$B$=$N$b$N$,$O$i$`@/<#@-(J($B8"NO:nMQ(J)$B!=(J ST AS Politics and Power $B!=$,07$o$l!"$=$3$K$O!"$B2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$H8x6&@/:v%W%m%0%i%`(J(Science, Technology, & Public Policy Program)$B!"$H$/$K!V2J3X!&5;=Q$NK!E*!&@/<#E*!&J82=E*8&5f!W%3!<%9$N>R2p$H!"$=$N;XF365$B%7!<%i!&%8%c%6%N%U(J(Sheila Jasanoff)$B$,C4Ev$9$k(J$B!V2J3X!"8"NO!"@/<#!W(J$B!"(J$B!VK!$H@8L?2J3X!W(J$B!"(J$B!V4D6-@/<#!W(J$B$N%3!<%9!&%7%i%P%9(J(2000-2001$BG/EY(J)$B$,;29M$K$J$k$@$m$&!#(J

$B!!$3$l$H4XO"$,?<$$%F!<%^$G$O!V(J$B%j%9%/O@(J(risk studies)$B!W$b6=L#?<$$!#%j%9%/O@$O85Mh$O!"86;RNOH/EE;\@_$d9R6u5!!"2=3XJ*l$7$?!#$J$+$G$b%I%$%D$N$B!X%j%9%/$B$O!"$=$N8e$N

$B!!$=$N8e$O!"$?$H$($P%8%c%6%N%U$r$O$8$a$H$9$k?M!9$K$h$C$F!"%j%9%/5,@)@/:v$K$*$1$k0U;W7hDj$r%5%]!<%H$9$k!V(J$B5,@)2J3X(J(regulatory science)$B!W$d!";JK!$N>l$G$N>Z5r3NN)$r%5%]!<%H$9$k!V(J$B4U<12J3X(J(forensic science)$B!W$H$h$P$l$k2J3X8&5f$K4X$9$k8&5f$,?J$a$i$l$F$-$?!#6aG/$G$O%8%c%6%N%U$H$=$N%O!<%P!<%IBg3X$N%0%k!<%W$K$h$k(JGlobal Environmental Assessment Project$B$G$O!"29CH2=BP:v$d@8J*B?MM@-J]8n$J$ICO5e4D6-@/:v$N8r>D!&N)0F%W%m%;%9$K$*$1$k2J3X8&5f$N$"$j$+$?$K$D$$$F!"2J3X

$B!!%j%9%/O@$K4X78$,?<$$$H$3$m$G$O!"2J3X!&5;=Q$NO@Ah$rJ,@O$9$k!V(J$BO@Ah8&5f(J(controversy studies)$B!W$H8F$P$l$k8&5f72$b$"$k!#$=$N%(%C%;%s%9$r$R$H$3$H$GI=$;$P!"(J$B!V!XF1$8!YLdBj$KBP$9$k@5$7$$Ez$(J}$K4X$9$kIT0lCW$O!"$=$b$=$b@5$7$$LdBj$NN)$FJ}$H$O2?$J$N$+$K4X$9$k$h$j?<$$IT0lCW$rH?1G$7$F$$$k!W(J$B$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k!#$$$$$+$($l$P!"0l8+$9$k$H=c?h$K@lLgE*$J2J3XE*!&5;=QE*$JO@Ah$G$"$C$F$b!"$=$NIT0lCW$NGX7J$K$O!"$7$P$7$P

  1. $B2J3XM}O@$d8&5f3hF0$K4^$^$l$k$B4D6-E*2ACM$H@/<#E*!&7P:QE*2ACM$NM%@hEY$NBPN)$r$a$0$kO@Ah(J
  2. $B;:6H3hF0$,8D?M$K5Z$\$97r9/Ho32$r$a$0$kO@Ah(J
  3. $B8D?M$NA*Br$N<+M3$H$B$=$NB>!'!!(J1992$BG/$KCf;_$K$J$C$?%"%a%j%+$ND6EAF32CB.4o(J(SSC)$B7z@_$d!"%R%H%2%N%`7W2h!"1'Ch3+H/$N$h$&$J%a%,%5%$%(%s%9!&%W%m%8%'%/%H$N

    $B!!(JSTS$B$,07$&%F!<%^$O!"%j%9%/$N$h$&$JHf3SE*8+$($d$9$$$b$N$@$1$G$O$J$$!#$?$H$($P!V(J$B%U%'%_%K%:%`2J3XO@(J$B!W$H8F$P$l$k8&5f72$G$O!"0l8+L54X78$N$h$&$K$b8+$($k%8%'%s%@!<$H2J3X!&5;=Q$NLdBj$,07$o$l$F$$$k!#$=$l$O!"C1$K=w@-2J3X/$J$$$H$+!"$=$NGX7J$K$O2J3Xl$G$N%F!<%^$NA*Br$dLdBj@_Dj!"1#SH$NA*Br$K1F6A$rM?$($k$N$+$H$$$C$?$3$H$,J,@O$5$l$k$N$G$"$k!#F|K\8l$G$bFI$a$kNcCx$K$O!"%@%J!&%O%i%&%'%$!X1n$H=w$H%5%$%\!<%0!=<+A3$N:FH/L@!Y(J($B9b66$5$-$NLu!"@DEZ

    $B!!$3$N$h$&$J8&5fEAE}$O!"$h$j9-$/$O!V(J$B2J3X$N%+%k%A%e%i%k!&%9%?%G%#!<%:(J$B!W$H8F$P$l$F$*$j!"$?$H$($P%M%k%-%s$H%9!<%6%s!&(JM$B!&%j%s%G%#!<(J(Susan M. Lindee)$B$N!X(JDNA$BEA@b!]J82=$N%$%3%s$H$7$F$N0dEA;R!Y(J($B5*0K9q20=qE9(J)$B$G$O!"!V0dEA;R!W$H$$$&35G0$,!"2J3X

    $B!!$b$A$m$s(JSTS$B$,07$&%F!<%^$bF00w$5$l$k@lLgJ,Ln$b!"$3$l$i$@$1$K8B$i$l$k$b$N$G$O$J$$!#@x:_E*$K$O!"2J3X!&5;=Q$,$+$+$o$k$9$Y$F$N]$,(JSTS$B$NBP>]$H$J$j!"4XO"$9$k$9$Y$F$NJ,Ln$,$=$N8&5f$KI,MW$@!#(JSTS$B$N8&5fBP>]$G$b$"$k<+A32J3X$d9)3X$NJ,Ln$+$i$N%"%W%m!<%A$b(JSTS$B$K$OIT2D7g$@!#(JSTS$B$N3X:]@-$d%F!<%^$N9-$,$j$rCN$k$K$"$?$C$F$O!"0J2<$NJ88%$,Lr$KN)$D!#(J

    Sheila Jasanoff, G. E. Markle, J.C. Petersen & T. Pinch (eds.). Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, London: Sage Publications, 1995.

    David J. Hess. Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction, New York: New York University Press, 1997.

    $B6b?9=$!&0f;3909,!X8=Be2J3XO@!Y!"?7MK

    $B6b?9=$!&CfEg=(?MJTCx!X2J3XO@$N8=:_!Y!"R&Ap=qK

    $B!!$^$?2J3X5;=Q@/:v$r07$&2$=#O"9gBh(J12$BAm6I$,$^$H$a$?!"2$=#$K$*$1$k(JSTI(Science, Technology and Innovation)$B8&5f$K$*$1$k8&5f!&=$3X%,%$%I(JThe European Guide to Science, Technology, and Innovation Studies$B$,;29M$K$J$k!#F|K\$G$O!"El5~Bg3X$dEl5~9)6HBg3X!"5~ETBg3X$J$I$K!V2J3X;K!&2J3XE/3X!W$N$?$a$N3XIt!&Bg3X1!$N@lLgE*%3!<%9$,$"$k$,!"9-$/(JSTS$B$r07$C$?%W%m%0%i%`$r$b$C$?$H$3$m$O$J$$!#8&5fSTS NETWORK JAPAN$B$H$$$&CDBN$K$O!"Bg3X8&5fpJs8r49$d8&5fJs9p2q!"%7%s%]%8%&%`$J$I$,3hH/$K9T$o$l$F$$$k!#$^$?!"$3$3?tG/$O!"(J$B2$=#2J3X5;=Q8&5f3X2q(J(EASST: European Association for the Studies of Science and Technology)$B$d%"%a%j%+$rCf?4$K$7$?(J$B9q:]2J3X$B$J$I3$30$N(JSTS$B$N3X2q$G$NJs9p$bA}$(!"(J2000$BG/(J9$B7nKv$K3+$+$l$?N>3X2q$N9gF12q5D$K$O!"I.$,;22C$7$F$$$k!#(J

    2. $BCN<1

    $B!!$H$3$m$G$BCN<1$B!W$H$h$P$l$kJ,Ln$,B8:_$9$k$,!"$=$l$H2J3X

    $B!!$^$:!"N>/$J$+$l5,Dj$5$l$?$b$N$H$_$J$9$3$H$K$"$k!#$3$l$O%^%k%/%9$B%$%G%*%m%.!$B!W$NEAE}$r$BB8:_94B+@-(J$B!W$rL@$i$+$K$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"$=$l$iCN<1$d8@@b$N$$$o$P!V5

    $B!!$7$+$7$J$,$i!"%G%e%k%1%`$i$NCN<12$6aBe2J3X$@$1$O!"M#0l!"Nr;K$dJ82=$K$h$kB8:_94B+@-$rLH$l$?5R4QE*CN<1$H$_$J$5$l!"]$+$i$O30$5$l$F$$$?!#$3$l$KBP$7!"2J3X]$H$5$l$kE@$,!"CN<1

    $B!!$J$*2J3X2$6aBe2J3X$=$N$b$N$NCN<1FbMF(J($BG'CNE*FbMF(J)$B$NH/E8$H!"$=$l$r$H$j$^$/Z$5$l$?CN<1$H$_$J$7$F]$+$i30$7$F!"$$$o$P%V%i%C%/%\%C%/%9$KIu$89~$a!"2J3XO@)EY$J$I!"$$$o$f$k!V9=B$!&5!G=$B2J3X$B!W$KFC2=$5$l$F$7$^$C$?$N$G$"$k!#(J($B2J3X$NFbMF$r

    $B!!$3$l$KBP$78=:_$N(JSTS$B$NCf3K$K$"$k2J3X$B?72J3XE/3X(J$B!W$N1F6A$r$B2J3XCN<1$N(SSK; Sociology of Scientific Knowledge)$B!W$KC<$rH/$9$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(J

    $B!!(JSSK$B$O!"?72J3XE/3X0JA0$N1QJF$N2J3XE/3X(J($B%&%#!<%s3XCD$NO@M}Z$B5R4Q$B!W$G$"$C$?$N$KBP$7!"6%9g$9$k2J3XM}O@$NA*Br$d!"$=$N$BAjBP$B!W$H8F$P$l$k$3$H$b$"$k!#(J

    $B!!$J$*!"$BM}O@$N7P83E*7hDjITA4@-(J)$B!"Mx324X?4$J$I$N$B$B!W$O!"=i4|$N(JSSK$B$K$O3N$+$K8+$i$l!"$"$kDxEY$N1F6ANO$r$b$C$?9M$(J}$G$O$"$C$?$,!"I,$:$7$b$=$N8e$N2J3X

    $B!!$7$+$7!"$@$+$i$H$$$C$F$+$D$F$N2J3XE/3X$dCN<1l$KM?$7$?$o$1$G$O$J$$!#

    $B!!$A$J$_$KCN<1$NB8:_94B+@-$rL@$i$+$K$7$h$&$H$9$k8&5fBVEY$O!"$B(social constructivism)$B!W$H$b8F$P$l$F$$$k!#(J($Bl9g$b$"$k$,!"0lHL$K$O$=$&$G$O$J$$!#%8%c%6%N%U$K$h$k

    $B9=@.Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol.2 Issue 3, 1996: 263-276.)

    $B!!$^$?6aG/$G$O!"$I$&$7$F$b!Ve=R$N!V%P%i%s%9!W$rH?1G$5$;$F!"2J3X$H$B2J3X!&(Co-production of Science, Society and Nature)$B!W$,=y!9$K;H$o$l;O$a$F$$$k!#(J($B$J$*$3$3$Ge$2$?6&Cx!X2J3XO@$N8=:_!Y$N$J$+$GO@$8$?$D$b$j$@$,!"$3$N$h$&$J8+J}$O!"2J3XE/3X$NEAE}E*$JLdBj<4$G$"$C$?!V

    Joseph Rouse. Knowledge and Power, Cornell U. P., 1987.
    $B!!!!K.Lu!'@.Dj70B>Lu!XCN$H8"NO!Y!"K!@/Bg3X=PHG6I!"(J2000$BG/!#(J

    Joseph Rouse. Engaging Science, Cornell U. P., 1987.

    Andrew Pickering. The Mangle of Practice, Chicago U. P., 1995.

    Bruno Latour. Science in Action, Harvard U. P., 1987.
    $B!!!!K.Lu!'@n:j>!!&9bED5*Be;VLu!X2J3X$,:n$i$l$F$$$k$H$-!Y!";:6H?^=q!"(J1999$BG/!#(J

    Bruno Latour. We Have Never Been Modern, tr. by C. Potter, Harvard U. P. 1993.

    Bruno Latour. Pandora's Hope, Harvard U. P., 2000.

    Michael Lynch. Scientific Practice and Ordinary Actions, Cambridge U. P., 1993.

    3. $B

    $B!!$H$3$m$G(JSTS$B$G$O!"%"%+%G%_%C%/$J8&5f$r9T$&$@$1$G$J$/!"8=N$7$F(J"HPS"$B!=$K$*$1$k%"%+%G%_%C%/$J8&5fEAE}$G$"$k!#$7$+$7F1;~$K=EMW$J$N$O!"J$K:,$6$7$?!V(J$B2J3XHcH=(J$B!W$NEAE}$@!#3N$+$K!"$=$l$^$G$NNr;K$N$J$+$G$9$G$K2J3X!&5;=Q$O3KJ<4o$d$5$^$6$^$JBgNL;&Y$J<4o$r@8$_=P$9$J$I!"$=$N1F$NB&LL$O9-$/CN$i$l$F$$$?!#$H$O$$$(!"BhFs

    $B!!$3$&$7$?=>Mh$N2J3X!&5;=Q$d!"$=$l$K;Y$($i$l6nF0$5$l$F$-$?6aBe2=$N$"$jJ}$KBP$9$k5?5A$d0[5D?=$7N)$F$H$7$F8=$o$l$F$-$?$N$,!"!V(J$B%i%8%+%k%5%$%(%s%9(J$B!W$d!V(J$BL1=0$N$?$a$N2J3X(J(Science for the People)$B!W$H8F$P$l$k$5$^$6$^$J2J3Xo$K1F6ANO$N$"$k(J$B!VM+N8$9$k2J3X$B!W$N$h$&$J(JNGO$B$,0i$C$F$-$?!#F|K\$G$b!"J*M}3X$,3KJ<4o$r@8$_=P$7$F$7$^$C$?$H$$$&%]%9%H!&%R%m%7%^E*$Jl^:a0U<1$H@UG$46$K$b$H$E$-!"!V(J$BJ*M}3X$B!W%5!<%/%k$,AH?%$5$l!"%5!<%-%e%i!l$7$?@h$N!V2J3XCN<1$N

    $B!!1?F0$H$$$&LL$G$O!"(J60$BG/BeKv$+$i(J70$BG/BeH>$P$K9T$o$l$?1QJF$NM}9)7OBg3X$N0lHL650i%W%m%0%i%`$N2~3W1?F0$O!"(JSTS$B$N$h$jD>@\E*$J%k!<%D$H$7$F=EMW$@!#0l$D$O(J73$BG/$K%$%.%j%9$G;O$^$C$?!V(J$B(Science in the Social Context)$B!W!"DL>N(J"SISCON"$B$H$$$&%+%j%-%e%i%`2~3W%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$C$?!#!V2J3X$HE/3X!W$d!V2J3X$N$b%:%P%j!V2J3X!&5;=Q$H/$J$+$i$:$NBg3X$dCf9b$NM}2J650w$,!"8D?ME*$b$7$/$O%M%C%H%o!<%/$r$D$/$j$J$,$i!"(JSTS$B650i$r$B0q>kBg3X650i3XIt(J)$B!#(J

    $B!!$3$N$h$&$J650iLL$G$N$B%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W(J$B!W$H$$$&3hF0$@!#(J2001$BG/(J1$B7n(J26-27$BF|$K%Y%k%.!<$N(JLeuven$B;T$G3+$+$l$?%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W$H(JCBR$B$K4X$9$k9q:]2q5D(J“Living Knowledge: Building partnerships for public access to research”$B$GMQ$$$i$l$?Dj5A$K$h$l$P(J

    $B!V%5%$%(%s%9(I%$B%7%g%C%W$O!";TL1

    $B$H$$$&$b$N$G$"$j!"4pK\E*$K$O!"Bg3X$r5rE@$K$7$F!"CO0h=;L1$KBP$9$k2J3XE*!&5;=QE*%5!<%S%9$r9T$&AH?%$G$"$j!"650w$N;XF3$N$b$H!"Bg3X1!@8(J($B>l9g$K$h$C$F$O3XIt>e5i@8(J)$B$,CoBaLT(Community Based Learning Teamwork)$B$H$$$&O"7H%W%m%0%i%`$r1?1D$7!"$=$N650i%a%=%C%I$N%S%G%*65:`$b3+H/$7$F$$$k(I!$B%*%i%s%@$G$N>u67$K$D$$$F$O!"%*%i%s%@!&%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W;vL3Am6I$K%&%'%V%5%$%H$r?R$M$i$l$?$$!#(J

    $B!!%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W$HF1MM$N3hF0$O!"%"%a%j%+$d%+%J%@$K$b$"$j!"Bg3X$d(JNGO/NPO$B$r%Y!<%9$K$7$?!V%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%Y!<%9%H!&%j%5!<%A(J(Community-based Research; CBR)$B!W$H8F$P$l$F$$$k!#CO0h$N4D6-LdBj$ND4::$d2r7h!":[H=$G$N>Z8@3hF0$J$I$G!"CO0h=;L1$r%5%]!<%H$7!"=;L1$H@lLg2H$N6(NO4X78$r%3!<%G%#%M!<%H$9$kAH?%(J(CBR$B%;%s%?!<(J)$B$,!"A4JF$G?tI4$"$k$H$$$o$l$F$$$k!#(JCBR$B$K$D$$$F$O!"$=$N>pJs%;%s%?!<(J(Clearing House)$B$r7s$M$?(JLoka$B8&5f=j(J$B$K!"A4JF$*$h$S9q:]E*$J(JCBR$B$N%M%C%H%o!<%/$N>pJs$,=8@Q$5$l!"%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$G$b8x3+$5$l$F$$$k!#(J20$B%;%s%?!<$N%1!<%9%9%?%G%#$b4^$`A4JF$N(JCBR$B$N3hF0>u67$r$^$H$a$?Js9p=q(JCommunity-Based Research in the US: An Introductory Reconnaissance$B$r$O$8$a$H$9$k(J$BJ8=q72(J$B$OI,FI$G$"$k!#$^$?(J99$BG/$K$O4Z9q$NA4=#(J(Chonju)$B$K$"$kA4KL9qN)Bg3X(J(Chonbuk National University)$B$K$b(J$B4Z9q:G=i$N%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W(J$B$,CB@8$7$F$$$k!#@hF|(J(2001$BG/(J5$B7n(J10-13$BF|(J)$B$K4Z9q$G3+$+$l$?F|4ZCfBf$K$h$kEl%"%8%"(JSTS$B2q5D$G4X78$K$b%=%&%kBg3X$N3X@8$NCf$K$b%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W@_N)$NF0$-$,$"$k$H$$$&!#$3$l$i$O$$$:$l$b!":rG/(J10$B7n$KK4$/$J$i$l$?86;RNO;qNA>pJs<<$N9bLZ?N;0O:$5$s$N8@MU$r

    $B!!$=$&$7$?;TL12J3X$N$B;TL1;22C7?$N8&5f(J$B!W$@$H$$$&$3$H$K$"$k!#>e5-$N%m%+8&5f=j$NJs9p=q$K$h$l$P!"$3$N798~$O(JCBR$B$N$[$&$,$h$j6/$/!"

    1. $B8&5f3hF0$,!"%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%0%k!<%W$,$+$+$($kLdBj$dI,MW$HL)@\$K7k$S$D$$$F$*$j!"8&5f7k2L$,!"7z@_E*$J@\MxMQ$5$l$k!#(J
    2. $B%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%a%s%P!<(J($B$H$/$KAp$N:,1?F02H$d%3%_%e%K%F%#AH?%!"O+F/2A$J$I!"@Q6KE*$JLr3d!"%$%K%7%"%F%#%t$r$H$C$F$$$k!#(J
    3. $B%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%a%s%P!<$K$h$k8&5f$X$N4XM?$O!"$7$P$7$P8&5f<+BN$NJSI$B4D6-1R@8%;%s%?!<(J$B$N%G%#%l%/%?!$B@lLg2H(J($BBg3X650w!&8&5f$^$7$$2r7hK!!"L\I8$J$I$NM}2r!"$"$k$$$OEv;v$B%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%a%s%P!<$,!"<+$i8&5f$7$?$j!"8&5f$d5;=Q3+H/$N@.2L$r0];}$9$k$?$a$KI,MW$J@lLg5;G=$N71N}$r!"%5!<%S%9$H$7$F

      $B$^$?;22C7?8&5f$N0U5A!&MxE@!&8z2L$O0J2<$NE@$K$"$k!#(J

      1. CBR$B$G$O$7$P$7$P!"%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%a%s%P!<$d@lLg2H!"9T@/!"4k6H$J$I3F%"%/%?!<$N$"$$$@$N?7$7$$$B0lHLE*$J2J3X!&5;=Q$O!"0lJ}$GBg$-$JJX1W$r/$J$/$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$@$1$G$J$/!"$=$N$h$&$K$7$FH/@8$7$?LdBj<+BN$K$h$jFyGw$7$FD>@\E*$J2r7h$r$b$?$i$9$3$H$b$G$-$k!#(J
      2. 2.$B$NGX7J$K$O!"@.8y$7$F$$$k(JCBR$B%;%s%?!<$G$O!"%m!<%+%k$J%3%_%e%K%F%#$NLdBj$K4X$o$j$J$,$i$b!"$=$l$KBP$7$F$h$j%^%/%m$J]CO0h$r1[$($?0lHL@-$r$7$P$7$P;}$A$&$k!#(J
      3. $B@lLg2H$d3X@8$K$H$C$F$b(JCBR$B$K4XM?$9$k@5$N8z2L$,$"$k!#3X@8$K$H$C$F$O!"<+J,$N3XLd$d8&5f$NG=NO!&CN8+$r

        $B!!$A$J$_$K@h$K$U$l$?%Y%k%.!<$G$N9q:]2q5D(J“Living Knowledge: Building partnerships for public access to research”$B$K$O!"%*%i%s%@!"%I%$%D!"%$%.%j%9$J$I(JEU$B=t9q$H%"%a%j%+!"%+%J%@$rCf?4$K!"Fn%"%U%j%+!"%$%9%i%(%k!"F|K\(J($BI.$[$I$,;22C$7$F$$$k!#(JEU$B$r%9%]%s%5!<$K$7$?F12q5D$G$O!"%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W!?(JCBR$B$N(JEU$B%l%Y%k$*$h$S9q:]%l%Y%k$N%M%C%H%o!<%/9=C[$N$?$a$N(JEU$B$+$i$N=u@.6b3MF@$N$?$a$N%W%m%]!<%6%k$K$D$$$F$bOC$79g$o$l$?!#(JEU$B$N8&5f;vL3Am6I(J(Research Directorate-General)$B$+$i$b!"2J3X!&]E*$G$"$C$?!#$^$?F12q5D$K9g$o$;$FH/9T$5$l$?%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W$N9q:]%8%c!<%J%k(JLiving Knowledge: Journal of Community Based Research$B$NBh(J0$B9f$,%*%s%i%$%s$G$bFI$a$k(J(1)$B!#(J

        (1) $B%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W$K$D$$$F$O!"I.l(JSTS$B8&5f2q$GH/I=$7$?$H$-$N%l%8%e%a(J$B!VF|K\$G!X%5%$%(%s%9!&%7%g%C%W!Y$r:n$k$K$O!W(J$B$b;29M$K$5$l$?$$!#(J($BK\J8(J5.4$B$b;2>H!#(J)

        $B!!$^$?F|K\$G$O!"$b$H$b$H$O%G%s%^!<%/$G;O$^$C$?0lHL;TL1(J($BAG?M(J)$B$K$h$k%F%/%N%m%8!$B%3%s%;%s%5%92q5D!?2J3X5;=Q$X$N;TL1;22C$r9M$($k2q(J(AJCOST)$B!W$H$$$&%0%k!<%W$,$"$k!#$3$&$7$?3hF0$K7H$o$k?M!9$N$J$+$K$O!"(JEASST$B$d(J4S$B$J$I(JSTS$B$N9q:]3X2q$K=jB0$9$k

        4. $BCN<1@/<#3X$+$i(JSTS$B$r9M$($k(J(1)$B!'!!0dEA;RAH$_49$(:nJ*$r$a$0$k%j%9%/O@!?5,@)2J3XO@(J

        $B!!$3$3$^$G$N@bL@$G!"(JSTS$B$N3X:]@-!&J,Ln2#CG@-$d!"8&5f$HLL@-$K$D$$$F$O$"$kDxEY8+DL$7$rM?$($i$l$?$H;W$o$l$k$,!"$G$O!"$h$j6qBNE*$K$$$C$F!"(JSTS$BE*$J8&5f%"%W%m!<%A$H$O$$$C$?$$$I$s$J$b$N$J$N$@$m$&$+!#EvA3$J$,$i!"$3$l$rLVMeE*$K<($9$3$H$OI.

        4.1. $BIT3N

        $B!!%j%9%/I>2A$KMQ$$$i$l$k5,@)2J3X$N0lHV$NFCD'$O!"!V(J$BL5;k$G$-$J$$IT3N$B!W$H!V(J$B2J3X$H@/<#$NL)@\$JAj8_:nMQ(J$B!W$G$"$k!#/$J$+$lM}A[2=$5$l$?>r7o$N$b$H$GBP>]$r8&5f$9$k2J3X8&5f(J($B%"%+%G%_%C%/2J3X$^$?$O%j%5!<%A2J3X(J)$B$H$O0c$C$F!"5,@)2J3X$G$O!"]$r07$&$?$a!"$B8&5f7k2L$NIT3N$B$N$G$"$k!#$^$?5,@)@/:v$N:vDj$d!"$=$l$KH<$&:[H=2aDx$H7k$S$D$$$F$$$k$?$a;~4VE*$J@)Ls$b87$7$$!#$3$N$?$a5,@)@/:v$G$O!"DL>o4|BT$5$l$k$h$&$J2J3XE*3N2A$K$*$1$k2J3XE*H=CG$K!"%j%9%/4IM}>e$N@/<#E*!&2ACME*H=CG$,4X$o$kEY9g$$$bHs>o$KBg$-$/$J$k!#$=$b$=$b%j%9%/4IM}$K$O!"2?$rHr$1$k$Y$-4m81(J($B%(%s%I%]%$%s%H(J)$B$H8+$J$9$+!"2?$r%j%9%/$+$i2A$K$*$1$k$5$^$6$^$J2J3XE*H=CG$N7A@.$K$b?<$/4X$o$C$F$$$k!#2J3X$H@/:v$H$$$&$H!"2J3X$&$3$H$,9gM}E*$@$H$$$&!V%F%/%N%/%i%F%#%C%/(J($B5;=Q41N=e$,$C$?$3$H$,$"$k$,!"8=2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$N%Q%i%@%$%`$O!"A4JF8&5fI>5D2q(J(NRC: National Research Council)$B$,(J1983$BG/$KH/I=$7$?DL>N!V@VK\!W$H8F$P$l$kJs9p=q(JRisk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process (National Academy Press, 1983)$B$,M?$($?$b$N$G$"$j!"$=$3$G$O!"%j%9%/I>2A$H%j%9%/4IM}$NLr3d$rL@3N$K6hJL$9$k0lJ}$G!"A0$B;2>H(J)$B!#$5$i$K%/%j%s%H%s@/8"2<$G$^$H$a$i$l$?%j%9%/I>2A5Z$S%j%9%/4IM}$K4X$9$kJF9qBgE}NN!&5D2q;pLd0Q0w2qJT(J,$B!X4D6-%j%9%/4IM}$N?7$?$J2A$+$i%j%9%/4IM}$K;j$k%W%m%;%9A4HL$K$*$1$k$5$^$6$^$JMx324X78$B;2>H(J)(1)$B!#(J

        (1) $B%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}(J($B$*$h$S%j%9%/%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s(J)$B$K$D$$$F$O!"B>$K$bF1$8$/(JNRC$B$N(JImproving Risk Communication (National Academy Press, 1989: $BK.Lu!X%j%9%/%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s!'A0?J$X$NDs8@!Y(J, $BNSM5B$!&4XBt=cLu(J, $B2=3X9)6HF|JsScience and Judgment in Risk Assessment (National Academy Press, 1994)$B$,=EMW!#F|K\8l$GFI$a$k$b$N$K$O!"Cf@>=`;R!X4D6-%j%9%/O@!=5;=QO@$+$i$_$?@/:vDs8@!Y(J ($B4dGH=qE9(J, 1995)$B!"(J.D.Graham$BB>JT!X%j%9%/BP%j%9%/!]4D6-$H7r9/$N%j%9%/$r8:$i$9$?$a$K!Y(J ($B?{86EX4FLu(J, $B>e$N;qNA$H$7$F$OCf>.4k6HAm9g;v6HCD$N(J$B!V2=3XJ*$B$,$"$k!#(J

        $B!!$7$+$7$J$,$i!"$3$N$h$&$K%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$G$O!"2J3X$H@/<#$N$"$$$@$KITB(ITN%$NAj8_4X78$,$"$k$H;XE&$9$k$3$H$O!"!V$@$+$i%j%9%/I>2A$N2J3X$O?.MQ$G$-$J$$!W$HHcH=$9$k$3$H$G$O$J$$!#$=$N$h$&$J7A$G$NHcH=$O!"$=$l$3$=2J3X$H@/<#$N4X78$K$D$$$F$N%F%/%N%/%i%F%#%C%/$J9M$(J}$rA0Ds$K$7$?$b$N$G$7$+$J$$!#$3$3$GO@$8$?$$$N$O!"N>$^$7$$$N$+$H$$$&LdBj$G$"$k!#(J

        $B!!$=$7$F$3$NLdBj$r9M$($k$?$a$Ke$2$?$$$N$,!"0dEA;RAH$_49$(:nJ*$N%j%9%/$r$a$0$k!V(J$BM=KI86B'(J(precautionary principle)$B!W$H!V(J$B7rA4$J2J3X(J(sound science)$B!W$H$$$&Fs$D$N%j%9%/4IM}$N9M$(J}$NBPN)$G$"$k!#$3$3$G!VM=KI86B'!W$H$O!"4m81@-$K4X$9$k2J3XE*>ZL@$,IT3N%I%$%D$G@8$^$l(J("Vorsorgeprinzip"$B$H$$$&(J)$B!"9q:]E*$J4D6-@/:v$K$bAH$_9~$^$l$F$-$?$b$N$@!#$=$NGX7J$K$O!"4D6-@/:v$d8x=01R@8@/:v$NJ,Ln$G!"2?$i$+$N5,@)AZL@!=$K87$7$$2J3XE*3N@7ZL@$rHo32$@(J($B%A%C%=?eKsIB4X@>AJ>Y(J$B!"(J$B7'K\F|F|?7J9)(2)$B!#$^$??eKsIB$NNc$G$b$=$&$@$,!"Ho32$N860x$H$J$kB&$O!";q6bNO$J$I8&5f;q8;$,K-IY$J9q$dBg4k6H$G$"$j!"(J($BElBg$dEl9)Bg$N$h$&$J(J)$B%(%j!<%HBg3X$N8&5fZ?M$KN)$D$3$H$K$J$j$d$9$$$N$KBP$7!"Ho32$rAJ$(!"$=$N0x2L4X78$N>ZL@$rIi$o$5$l$kB&$O!"5yL1$N$h$&$J$B2J3XE*8&5f4pHW$NHsBP>N@-(J$B$,$"$k!#$^$?!"$=$b$=$b860x5fL@$KI,MW$J>pJs$NB?$/$,!"4k6H$d9q$K0.$i$l!"4k6HHkL)$r=b$K>pJs8x3+$5$l$J$$$H$$$&(J$B>pJs$NHsBP>N@-(J$B$J$I$b!"86;RNOH/EE4X78$N:[H=$G$O>o$KB8:_$7$F$$$k(J(3)$B!#3N$+$K!"4m81@-$N>ZL@$H0BA4@-$N>ZL@!"0x2L4X78$NB8:_>ZL@$HIT:_>ZL@$O!"=cO@M}E*$K$OBP>NE*$@!#$7$+$7!"$3$N$h$&$JN@-$d9b$$IT3Nr7o$N$b$H$G$O!"!V4m81@-$NB8:_$d0x2L4X78$N>ZL@$K87L)$J2J3X@-$rMW5a$9$k!W$H$$$&(J$BN)>Z@UG$(J(burden of proof)$B$N$"$jJ}$O!"4D6-$d?ML?$K$H$C$FM-32$J7k2L$r$b$?$i$7$d$9$$$H$$$&!V(J$BIi$N@/<#@-(J$B!W$r$b$C$F$7$^$&$N$G$"$k!#(J

        (2)$B1V3XE*%l%Y%k$G$N0x2L4X78$N?dDj$,8x=01R@8$KBg$-$/4sM?$7$?:G=i$NNc$O!"1V3X$NAD%8%g%s!&%9%N!<$@!#$^$@%3%l%i6]$NB8:_$,CN$i$l$F$$$J$+$C$?(J19$B@$5*H>$P$K%3%l%i$,%m%s%I%s$GN.9T$7$?$H$-H`$O!"$"$k5k?e2q$h$j$b$:$C$HB?$/$N45O$N(JCBR$B$NJSI$B4D6-1R@8%;%s%?!<(J$B$O!"$3$N%9%N!<$N8y@S$K$"$d$+$C$F@_N)$5$l$?4D6-8x=01R@8%3%s%5%k%?%s%H2qJohn Snow Inc.$BFb$N(JNPO$BItLg$G$"$k!#$=$N%k!<%D$O!"%\%9%H%s9Y30$ND.(JWoburn$B$N9)>lGQ?e$K$h$kCO2.;yGr7lIBB>$NHo32$K4X$9$k=;L1$N1V3XD4::3hF0(J($BL1=01V3X(J: Popular Epidemiology)$B$G$"$k!#(J

        (3)$B:G6a$NNc$O!"J!EgBh0l86H/$X$N(JMOX$BG3NA$N;HMQ:9$7;_$a2>=hJ,?=@A$KBP$7$FJ!EgCO:[$,2<$7$?H=7h$K8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#:[H=$rDL$8$FHo9p$NEl5~EENO$O!"(JMOX$BG3NA$N@=B$%G!<%?$N8x3+$r5q$_$D$E$1!"$=$N$3$H$OH=7h$G$bHsFq$5$l$F$$$?$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"H=7h$N7k2L$O?=@A5Q2<$G$"$C$?!#$=$7$F869pB&$O!"$3$N05E]E*$J>pJsITB-$N$J$+$G!"(JMOX$BG3NA$N4m81@-$N>ZL@5AL3$rIi$o$5$l$F$$$?$N$G$"$k!#(J($B!VH~IM$N2q!W4XO"%Z!<%8(J)

        $B!!$3$l$KBP$7!"2J3X$,$O$i$`Ii$N@/<#@-$r6KNO49$5$;$k$?$a$N9M$(J}$,!"(J$B4m81@-$G$O$J$/0BA4@-$r>ZL@$9$kB&!"Ho32$H860x$N0x2L4X78$NB8:_$G$O$J$/$=$NIT:_$r>ZL@$9$kB&$K!"$h$j=E$$N)>Z@UG$$rM?$($k(J$B$H$$$&M=KI86B'$N2<0L86B'!V(J$BN)>Z@UG$H?E>$N86B'(J(Reverse Onus Principle)$B!W$G$"$k!#O@M}E*$K$O!V4m81$G$"$k>Z5r$,$J$$!W$O!V0BA4$G$"$k!W$3$H$N>Z5r$G$O$J$$$,!"9T@/$d;:6H3&$NO@M}$d9TF0MM<0$G$O!"7k2LE*$K$ON>Z@UG$$rH?E>$5$;$k$3$H$K$h$C$FM=KI86B'$O!"$3$N=>Mh$NO@M}$NE>49$rGw$k$b$N$J$N$@!#$b$A$m$s!">l9g$K$h$C$F$OM=KI:v$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$C$FJL$N%j%9%/$,9b$^$k2DG=@-$,$"$k$?$a!"!VM=KI:v<+BN$N0BA4@->ZL@!W(J($BM=KI86B'$N<+8JE,MQ(J)$B$bI,MW$G$"$k$N$O$$$&$^$G$b$J$$!#$H$O$$$(M=KI5,@)$NBP>]$H$J$k5;=Q$d3hF0$,!"$3$l$+$iF3F~$5$l$k?75,$N$b$N$G$"$j!"$=$l$i$N3+H/%3%9%H$N2s<}0J30$K$OFCCJ$NF3F~%a%j%C%H$d6[5^@-$b$J$$>l9g$K$O!"M=KI86B'$O$H$/$K=E;k$5$l$k$Y$-$@$m$&!#(J

        $B!!$^$?M=KI86B'$G$O!"N)>Z@UG$$NH?E>$NA0Ds$K!"4m32$N860x$H$J$k5;=QE*9T0Y$dJ*$B4{B8$N(J$B;:6H7P:Q3hF0$h$j$b!"?M!9$N7r9/$d@8L?!"<+A34D6-$NJ]8n$rM%@h$9$k$H$$$&2ACMH=CG$X$N@Q6KE*$J%3%_%C%H%a%s%H$,$"$k$H$$$&E@$G!"(J$B!V7k$7$F$$$k(J$B$3$H$b=EMW$@!#(J $B$$$$$+$($l$P!"(J$B!V0[$J$kN)>Z@UG$$K$b$H$E$/Fs$D$N2J3XE*9gM}@-$N$&$A!"$I$A$i$,$B$,Ld$o$l$F$$$k$N$G$"$k!#$b$A$m$s$3$3$G!Ve$G!V(J$B4{B8$N(J$B!W$H6/D4$7$F$$$k$N$O!"4D6-$d?ML?!"@83h$NZ@UG$(J)$B$N??$NBPN)E@$O!"7P:Q$+4D6-$+$G$O$J$/!"$I$A$i$,7P:Q$H4D6-!&?ML?!&@83h$r4^$a$?

        $B!!M=KI86B'$K$D$$$F$b$&0lE@=EMW$J$N$O!"N)>Z@UG$$rH?E>$5$;!"!V(J$B0BA4@-$r>ZL@$9$k(J$B!W$H$$$C$F$b$=$l$O!"8=o$K$o$l$o$l$NCN<1$H$=$NC55a$KM?$($&$k;~4VE*!&J*/$J$+$l%j%9%/$O$"$j!"$K$b$+$+$o$i$:$=$l$i$,CHq

        $B!!$H$O$$$(!"$3$N$h$&$K$$$&$3$H$O!V2?$K$G$b%j%9%/$,$"$j!"$=$l$r5vMF$9$k$3$H$G$o$l$o$l$O@8$-$F$$$k!W$H$$$&;vu$rL5HcH=$K9NDj$9$k$3$H$G$b$J$$(J(4)$B!#$3$3$G$NO@E@$O!"ZL@$G=EMW$J$N$O!"!V%<%m%j%9%/$H$7$F$N0BA4@-!W$G$O$J$/!"$=$N5;=Q$N%Y%M%U%#%C%H$dI,MW@-$NI>2A$r2CL#$7$?$&$($GI>2A$5$l$k%j%9%/$N!V(J$B(acceptability)$B!W$G$"$k$H$$$&$3$H!"$=$7$F$=$NH=CG$O2J3XE*$G$"$k$HF1;~$K6K$a$FMh$N9b%$%s%W%C%H$JG@6H$HF1DxEY!W$,;YG[E*$G$"$j$J$,$i$b!"$$$/$D$+$N9q$G$O!VM-5!G@6H$HF1DxEY!W(J($B%*!<%9%H%j%"(J)$B!"!V=>Mh$NG@6H$N4D6-%$%s%Q%/%H$r2~A1$7!">-Mh$N;}B32DG=@-@/:v$NA*BrI}$rJP$i$;$J$$$3$H!W(J($B%G%s%^!<%/(J)$B!"!V9qFb$N@8J*B?MM@-$H=>Mh$N?)IJ$K1F6A$rM?$($J$$$3$H!W(J($B%$%?%j%"(J)$B$H$$$&$h$&$K0[$J$C$F$$$?(J(Susan Carr, "EU Safety Regulation on Genetically-Modified Crops", a summary report to the EASST Workshop: Food, Agriculture and Biotechnology: Recent Controversies, STS Research and the Policy Process, on 8-9 February 2001, at the National Council for the Environment and Sustainable Development, Lisbon.)$B!#$3$NNc$,<($7$F$$$k$N$O!"

        (4)$B

        4.2. $B0dEA;RAH$_49$(:nJ*$N%j%9%/O@Ah$K$*$1$k!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$N@/<#@-(J:$B!!2J3XE*9gM}@-$N0lLL2=$H9ED>2=(J

        $B!!0J>e$N$h$&$JM=KI86B'$N9M$(J}$KBP$7$F$O!"EvA3$J$,$i;:6H3&$rCf?4$K$5$^$6$^$JHcH=$,$"$j!"$7$P$7$P7c$7$$O@Ah$r@8$s$G$$$k!#$=$N0lNc$,!"0dEA;RAH$_49$(:nJ*$N%j%9%/$r$a$0$k!VM=KI86B'!W$H!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$NBPN)$G$"$j!"$=$N:G$?$kIqBf$O!"@8J*B?MM@->rLs$N$b$H$G0dEAAH$_49$(@8J*(J(GMOs: Genetically-Modified Organisms)$B$N9q:]$B%P%$%*%;%$%U%F%#5DDj=q(J($B%+%k%?%X!<%J5DDj=q(J)$B$N8r>D(J(2000$BG/(J1$B7n(J29$BF|%b%s%H%j%*!<%k$K$FDy7k(J)$B$@!#$=$3$G$O!"%"%a%j%+$r$O$8$a$H$9$k(JGMOs$B$NM"=PBg9q$,!"M=KI86B'$N:NMQ$re9q%0%k!<%W$KBP$7!"!VM"F~5,@)$N:,5r$K$O==J,$J2J3XE*87L)@-$,I,MW$G$"$j!"$3$l$r7g$$$?M=KI86B'$OHs2J3XE*$G@/<#E*!&Ws0UE*$J$b$N$G$"$k!W$HHsFq$7B3$1$F$$$?!#$h$j@53N$K$O!"9qO"?)NHG@6H5!4X(J(FAO)$B$H@$3&J]7r5!9=(J(WHO)$B$,@_N)$7$??)IJ5,3J0Q0w2q(J($BDL>N%3!<%G%C%/%90Q0w2q(J)$B$,:vDj$9$k9q:]5,3J$h$j$b87$7$$5,@)$K$O!"87L)$J2J3XE*:,5r$,I,MW$@$H$$$&$3$H$@!#$$$$$+$($l$P!"A0ZL@$+$i0BA4@->ZL@$X$NN)>Z@UG$$NE>49$H$$$&!V(J$B2J3XE*9gM}@-$N:FDj5A(J$B!W$H$7$FM}2r$9$k$+$o$j$K!"4m81@->ZL@$N$_$r!V2J3XE*$G$"$k!W$H$9$k!V(J$B2J3XE*9gM}@-$N0lLL2=(J$B!W$H!"5,@)2J3X$K%j%5!<%A2J3X!&$B2J3XE*9gM}@-$N9ED>2=(J$B!W$r9T$C$?$&$($G!"M=KI86B'$rHs2J3XE*$HCG$8$F$$$k$N$G$"$k!#M"=P9qB&$O!"$3$N$h$&$J0lLLE*$G9ED>E*$J2J3XE*9gM}@-$r$5$7$F!V(J$B7rA4$J2J3X(J$B!W$H8F$S!"G@;:J*$b4^$a$?KG0W<+M32=$N?d?J5!4X$G$"$k(JWTO($B@$3&KG0W5!4X(J)$B$NOHAH$_$K$*$$$F$b!"!V7rA4$J2J3X$K4p$E$+$J$$5,@)$OIT9gM}$JHs4X@G>cJI$H$_$J$9!W$H$$$&$+$?$A$GI=L@$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$N$?$a5DDj=q8r>D$G$O!"M=KI86B'$r=E;k$9$k5DDj=q$d@8J*B?MM@->rLsA4BN$NOHAH$_$H!"(JWTO$B$NOHAH$_$r$I$&D4@0$9$k$+!"$I$A$i$rM%@h$9$Y$-$+$,Ah$o$l$F$$$?(J(5)$B!#(J

        (5)GMOs$B$H7P:Q%0%m!<%P%j%$B!V%0%m!<%P%k7P:Q$K$*$1$k%P%$%*%F%/%N%m%8!$B$,3+$+$l$F$*$j!"%+%J%@$N(JNGO$B$G$"$k(J$B!V;}B32DG=$J3+H/$K4X$9$k9q:]8&5f=j(J(IISD)$B!W(J$B$,H/9T$9$kEE;R%K%e!<%9%5!<%S%9(JLinkage$B$G$=$N(J$BJs9p$,FI$a$k(J$B!#$3$l$O!"$H$/$KES>e9q$KBP$9$kG@6H%P%$%*%F%/%N%m%8!<$N1F6A$K>GE@$rEv$F$?F1Bg3X1!$N(J$B!V2J3X(I%$B5;=Q!&5;=Q3W?7%W%m%0%i%`!W(J$B$N%5%V%W%m%0%i%`(J$B!V%P%$%*%F%/%N%m%8!<$H%0%m!<%P%j%$B$N0l4D$H$7$F3+$+$l$?$b$N$G!"(J$B4XO"J8=q;qNA(J$B$b8x3+$5$l$F$$$k!#$^$?(JEU$B$NM=KI86B'$K4X$9$k9M$(J}$K$D$$$F$O!"2$=#0Q0w2q$N(J2000$BG/(J2$B7n$NJs9p=q(J"Communication on the Precautionary Principle"$B$,$"$k!#$^$?@lLg;o(JJournal of Risk Research(vol. 3. issue 3, July 2000)$B$,!"(JSusan Carr$B$i2$=#$N(JSTS$B8&5f$BFC=89f!VM=KI86B'!=(JEU$B$K$*$1$k(JGM$B:nJ*!W(J$B$rAH$_!"(J$B:G?79f(J(Vol. 4. issue 2, April 2001)$B$G$bM=KI86B'$rFC=8$7$F$$$k!#$^$?4D6-@/:v$K$*$1$kM=KI86B'0lHL$K$D$$$F$O!"(JC. Raffendperger & J. Ticker (eds.). Protecting Public Health and Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle (Island Press, 1999)$B$,$"$k!#$3$l$H4XO"$7$F%j%9%/I>2A$K$*$1$kIT3NSceintific Uncertainty and Environmental Problem Solving (Blackwell Science, 1996)$B$,$"$k!#$^$?4dGH$N!X2J3X!Y7G:\$N@[O@!V%j%9%/r7o!W(J(1999$BG/(J3$B7n9f(J(Vol.69, no.3), 211-218$BJG(J)$B$b5s$2$F$*$-$?$$!#(J

        $B!!$$$&$^$G$b$J$/$3$N$h$&$JBPN)$NGX8e$K$"$k$N$O!"(JGMOs$B$NKG0W$rB%?J$7!"Mx1W$r3HBg$7$?$$$H$$$&M"=P9q$d$=$NGX8e$K$"$kG@6H%P%$%*%F%/%N%m%8!<4k6H(J($B%"%0%j%S%8%M%9(J)$B$NMx324X?4$G$"$k!#$7$+$7!"@h$K$b;XE&$7$?$h$&$K!"$3$3$GLdBj$H$9$Y$-$O!"7P:QMx324X?4$NB8:_$=$N$b$N$G$O$J$$!#M=KI86B'$rD$G$H$/$KO@Ah$H$J$C$F$$$k(J)$B!VG@6H$NB?LLE*5!G=$NJ]8n!W$H$$$&;WOG$,$"$j!"$5$i$K$O<+9q$NG@6He!"@/:v/$J$+$l4^$^$l$F$/$k$b$N$@!#$^$?!">e=R$N$h$&$J2J3XE*9gM}@-$N0lLL2=$H9ED>2=$r9T$&!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$NMW5a$O!"%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$NK\Mh$N@:?@$r$R$I$/bd>.2=$7$F$$$k$3$H$K$bCm0U$7$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$!#@h$K=R$Y$?$h$&$KIT3N2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$N4pK\E*A0Ds$G$"$j!"5,@)2J3X$G$O!"$5$^$6$^$J2>Dj$d?dDj!"%b%G%k$N30A^$r$7$J$,$i%j%9%/$rDjNLE*$KI>2A$9$k$N$,IaDL$@(J(6)$B!#M=KI86B'$H$O!"IT3Nl9g$K:N$i$l$k%j%9%/4IM}$N%"%W%m!<%A$N0l$D$G$"$j!"I,$:$7$bDL>o$N%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$HAjMF$l$J$$$b$N$G$O$J$$(J(7)$B!#(JGMOs$BLdBj$K8B$i$:0lHL$K!"2J3XE*>Z5r$r=E;k$7!"DjNLE*$J%j%9%/I>2A$K$b$H$E$$$?%j%9%/4IM}(J("science-based"$B$^$?$O(J"risk-based"$B$H8F$P$l$k(J)$B$r3+H/!&Ia5Z$5$;!"!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$H$$$&9M$(J}$N%Y!<%9$K$J$C$F$$$kJF9q$NOHAH$_$G$b!"$?$H$($P4D6-J]8nD#(J(EPA: Environmental Protection Agency)$B$N2J3X;pLd0Q0w2q(J(SAB: Science Advisory Board)$B$G$O!"DjNLE*%j%9%/I>2A$r%Y!<%9$K$7$J$,$i$b!"2aEY$N3N$B!VJF9q4D6-5,@)@/:v$K$*$1$k!X@lLgE*%$%s%W%C%H!Y$N$"$jJ}!W(J$B$N(JSAB$B$N@bL@(J$B$*$h$S(JSAB$B$N(JWeb$B%5%$%H(J$B$r;2>H!#(J)$B!#$$$$$+$($l$P!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$K$b!"M=KI86B'E*$J%j%9%/4IM}$N%"%W%m!<%A$HJBB8$7$&$k2:7r$J%P!<%8%g%s$H!"M=KI86B'$H1T$/BPN)$9$k2a7c$J%P!<%8%g%s$,$"$j!"5DDj=q8r>D$GA0LL2=$7$F$$$k$N$O8e

        $B!!7k6I$N$H$3$m(JGMOs$B$r$a$0$k%j%9%/O@Ah$G??$KLd$o$l!"$^$?O@Ah$r7c2=$5$;$F$$$k$N$O!"7rA4$J2J3X$HM=KI86B'$N$I$A$i$,2J3XE*$K9gM}E*$+$H$$$&LdBj$G$O$J$$!#$=$l$>$l$N2J3XE*9gM}@-$K$h$C$F

        (6)$BIT3N2A$N9M$(J}$K$D$$$F$O!"LZ22A!W(J(ibid. p.234f)$B!"Cf@>=`;R!X4D6-%j%9%/O@!Y(J($B4dGH=qE9(J, 1995)$B$NBh(J5$B>O$J$I$r;2>H!#(J

        (7)$B$?$H$($P%I%$%D$N$BJ,N`(J$B$7!"$=$N0l$D$KM=KI86B'$r0LCVIU$1$F$$$k(J(Ortwin Renn & Andreas Klinke. 1999. "Precautionary Principle and Discursive Strategies: Classifying and Managing Risks", draft paper presented at the "Precautionary Principle Symposium, Washington D. C., 1999")$B!#(J

        4.3. $B!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$K$*$1$k;kLn=L>.2=(J(1): $BLdBj@_Dj$N;kLn=L>.2=(J

        $B!!$5$F!"5DDj=q8r>D$G$N!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$NMW5a$,$b$D@/<#E*5!G=$K$O!">e$N$h$&$J2J3XE*9gM}@-$N0lLL2=$H9ED>2=$K2C$($F!"BgJL$7$FFs$B;kLn=L>.2=(J$B!W$H$$$&$Y$-%l%H%j%C%/$,4^$^$l$F$$$k$3$H$b=EMW$@!#(J

        $B!!0l$D$O!"%j%9%/I>2A$r9T$&:]$N!V(J$B%9%3!<%T%s%0(J$B!W$b$7$/$O!V(J$B%U%l!<%_%s%0(J($BLdBj@_Dj(J)$B!W$K$*$1$k;kLn=L>.2=$@!#$=$N:G$?$k$b$N$,!"(JGM$B:nJ*$NM"=P9qB&$,.5,LO7P1DG@2H$N7P1D4pHW$X$N%$%s%Q%/%H(J)$B$J$I?)NH0BA4J]>c>e$NLdBj$r07$&l9g!"A0GE@$,$"$F$i$l$k$,!"D$GES>e9q$d(JNGOs$B$,AJ$($F$$$kLdBj72$N$J$+$G$O!"8e$BKG0W4XO"CNE*=jM-8"6(Dj(J(TRIPs$B6(Dj(J)$B$d(J$B?"J*?7IJrLs(J(UPOV$B>rLs(J)$B$J$IG@6H$N>&6H2=!&9)6H2=$N%W%l%C%7%c!<$N$b$H$G!"4k6H$K$h$k$BG@6H$N9)6H2=!?%b%N%+%k%A%c!<2=(J$B$H!"<+5k:nJ*$+$i496b:nJ*$X$NE>49$H$$$C$?(J$BG@6H$N>&6H2=(J$B$,@$3&5,LO$G$$$C$=$&?J$_!"?)NH$N@8;:!&G[J,%7%9%F%`$K$*$1$kFnKL4V$NITJ?Ey$,$5$i$K3HBg$5$l$k$H$H$b$K!"G@6H@8BV7O$N6Q$B!V@8J*B?MM@->rLs$+$i8+$k%0%m!<%P%j%$B!$5~ET?MN`3X8&5f2q!$(J2001$BG/(J2$B7n(J2$BF|!$5~Bg2q4[(I!$B!!(J)$B!#(J

        $B!!$7$P$7$P(JGM$B:nJ*$N3+H/e9q$G8=:_5/$-$F$$$k?)NHITB-$N860x$O!"C1$J$k@8;:NL$NITB-$H$$$&$h$j$O!"$`$7$m2a>j$JG@6H$N9)6H2=!&>&6H2=$H?)NH%7%9%F%`$NITJ?Ey9=B$$d!"$=$l$KH<$&IO:$$J$N$G$"$j!"!V?)NHLdBj!W$H$O!"!VKLB&$K$*$1$k2a>j@8;:!&>CHq$HFnB&$K$*$1$k2a9s$J?)NHITB-$N(J$B9=B$E*$GI,A3E*$JJBB8(J$B!W$NLdBj$J$N$G$"$k!#2a>j$JG@6H$N9)6H2=$O!"$+$D$F%"%8%"$GE83+$5$l$?!V(J$BNP$N3WL?(J$B!W$,$=$&$@$C$?$h$&$K!"0l;~E*$K$OA}<}$K$D$J$,$k$,!"D94|E*$K$O!"2a>j$J?e>CHq$HG@Lt!&2=3XHnNA$N;HMQ$K$h$kEZ>mNt2=$HG@6H@8BV7O$NGK2u!"%b%N%+%k%A%c!<2=$K$h$kG@6H@8BV7O$NB?MM@-$N=L>.$HIT0BDj2=$H!"CO0h$N?)@83h$r;Y$($F$-$?G@;:J*$NB?MM@-$N?jB`!"$=$7$F30It%$%s%W%C%H$5$l$k.5,LOG@2H$NN%G@$J$I!"CO0h$N$5$^$6$^$JG@6H(J-$B7P:Q(J-$B6&F1BN(J-$B@8BV7O%7%9%F%`$N?jB`$r$b$?$i$7$F$7$^$&!#$*$^$1$K!".$7$F!"496b:nJ*$N@8;:$X$NE>49$,B%?J$5$l!"$=$N7k2L!"?)NH$rl$G$N2A3J6%Ah$K$5$i$5$l$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"$=$l$+$iF@$i$l$k<}F~$OIT0BDj$K$J$i$6$k$rF@$J$$!#$7$+$b!"496b:nJ*2=!&>&6H2=$O!"$$$o$f$k!V%"%0%j%S%8%M%9!W$H8F$P$l$k5pBgB?9q@R4k6H$,!"E}9g!W(J)$B!":OG]7@Ls$K$h$C$FFCDj$Nl9g$K$O!"%b%N%+%k%A%c!<2=$N$$$C$=$&$NB%?J!&3HBg$K$D$J$,$k!#(J(Cf. Miguel A. Altieri & Peter Rosset. Ten Reasons Why Biotechnology Will Not Ensure Food Security, Protect the Environment and Reduce Poverty in the Developing World, Food First, October 1998; $BF|K\8lLu(J$B!V%P%$%*%F%/%N%m%8!<$,?)NH0BA4J]>c$KLrN)$?$:!"4D6-$rJ]8n$;$:!"ES>e9q$NIO:$$r=L>.$7$J$$(J10$B$NM}M3!W(J.)

        $B!!$^$?(JGMOs$B$K8B$i$:!"%P%$%*%F%/%N%m%8!<$NJ,Ln$G$O!"@8J*B?MM@-$NJu8K$G$"$kFnB&=t9q$KB8:_$9$k@8J*;q8;$+$i@.J,Cj=P$7$?$j0dEA;RA`:n$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F9bIU2C2ACM2=!&FC5v2=$5$l$?>&IJ$r3+H/$7!"$=$l$r$b$H$N9q!9$GHNGd$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$FFH@jE*$KMx1W$r$&$k$H$$$&$$$o$f$k!V(J$B%P%$%*%Q%$%i%7!<(J(biopiracy: $B@8J*3XE*3$B19T0Y(J)$B!W$,7|G0$5$l$F$$$k!#$J$<$3$l$,!V3$B19T0Y!W$J$N$+$H$$$($P!"$=$&$7$?>&IJ$N3+H/$K$O!"CO85$N@8J*;q8;$@$1$G$J$/!"$=$N?)IJ$d0eLtIJ$H$7$F$NMxMQK!$d8zG=$K4X$9$kCO85$NEAE}E*$JEZCeCN<1(J(indigenous knowledge)$B$N=u$1$J$7$K$O$"$j$($J$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"CO85Mh$h$j$b9b3[$J>&IJ$rGc$o$6$k$r$($J$$!=$b$7$/$OGc$($J$$!=>uBV$K?M!9$rDI$$9~$s$G$7$^$&$+$i$@!#$?$H$($P%$%s%I$G$O!"8EMh$+$i;&Cn:^$J$I$NL5NA$N6&M-;q8;$H$7$F;H$o$l$F$-$?!V%K!<%`!W$H$$$&LZ$K4X$9$kF|JF4k6H$NFC5vrLs$K$b$H$E$/KG0W<+M32=!&%0%m!<%P%j%&IJ2=$J$N$G$"$k!#$D$$$G$K$$$($P!"@$3&6d9T$H9q:]DL2_4p6b(J(IMF)$B$,N_@Q:DL39q$KE,MQ$9$k!V(J$B9=B$D4@0%W%m%0%i%`(J(SAP)$B!W$K$h$C$FDL2_@Z$j2<$2$,9T$o$l$F$$$k$?$a$K!"@h?J9q$N4k6H$,ES>e9q$GFC5v$r$H$k$3$H$O$=$NH?BP$h$j$b$:$C$H%3%9%H$,Dc$/$?$d$9$$$H$$$&ITJ?Ey$bB8:_$7$F$$$k!#$7$+$b(JSAP$B$K4p$E$/@/:v$G$O6[=L:b@/$HM"=P?66=$,?J$a$i$l$k$?$a!"G@6HJ]8n$dIO:$AX$KBP$9$kJ!;c$N@Z$j5M$a$H9q:]E*496b:nJ*$X$NE>49$O$^$9$^$92CB.$5$l$k(J(cf.$B8MED@6!V@8J*B?MM@-$HEAE}E*CN<1$r$B@8J*B?MM@->rLsBh(J8$B>r(Jj$B9`(J$B$G$O!"(J$BEAE}E*CN<1(J$B$dG@K!$O!"@8J*;q8;$NMxMQK!$K4X$9$kK-$+$JJu8K$G$"$k$@$1$G$J$/!"$=$N;}B3E*$JMxMQK!$K4X$9$k1CCR$rBN8=$7$F$$$k$H$$$&E@$G!"@Q6KE*$J$=$NJ]8n!&?66=$HC4$$$B%o!<%/%7%g%C%W!VEAE}E*CN<1$H@8J*B?MM@-!W(J$B$b3+$+$l$F$$$k!#(J($B$3$l$K4X$9$k@8J*B?MM@->rLsDyLs9q2q5D(J(COP)$B$NN)>l$O(J$B$3$3(J$B$KI=L@$5$l$F$$$k!#(J)

        $B!!$3$&$7$?LdBj$O!"(JGM$B:nJ*(J$B$@$+$i(J$B5/$-$kLdBj$G$O$J$$$,!"$=$N3+H/!&Ia5Z$,!"8=9T$NG@6H!&?)NH%7%9%F%`$HKG0W%7%9%F%`$N$J$+$GB?9q@R4k6H$r$B$G$b(J$B0z$-B3$-5/$3$kLdBj!W$@!#!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$NHO0O$r<+A32J3X$@$1$K8BDj$7!"(JGM$B:nJ*$N%j%9%/$NHO0O(J(scope)$B$r?)IJ$H$7$F$N%j%9%/$d:OG];~$N4D6-1F6A$K8BDj$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$O!"!V?)NHLdBj$N2r7h!W$K$O$D$J$,$i$J$$$I$3$m$+!"$+$($C$F$^$9$^$9l$+$iDy$a=P$9$3$H$K$h$C$F!"(JWTO$BBN@)2=$N%0%m!<%P%j%(8)$B!#(J

        (8) GM$B:nJ*$N%j%9%/$d%Y%M%U%#%C%H$r$I$N$h$&$JLdBj@_Dj$G07$&$Y$-$+$K4X$9$k$3$N$h$&$J8+2r$NAj0c!&BPN)$O!"(J2000$BG/(J9$B7n$+$i(J11$B7n$K$BG@NS?e;:@hC<5;=Q;:6H?66=%;%s%?!<(J(STAFF)$B$,3+$$$?!V(J$B0dEA;RAH49$(G@:nJ*$r9M$($k%3%s%;%s%5%92q5D(J$B!W$G$b!"<+A32J3X!&9)3X7O$N@lLg2H$HProvisional Report on the GM Crops Consensus Conference in Japan$B$N(J"2.3. Boundary Work of Framing"$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!#$^$?(JSTS$B$G$O!"$3$NLdBj@_DjHO0O$N@~0z$-$N$h$&$J9T0Y$r(J“boundary work”$B$H8F$V!#(J

        4.4. $B!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$K$*$1$k;kLn=L>.2=(J(2): $B!V%j%9%/!W35G0$NG'<1O@E*!&J82=E*!&@/<#E*.2=(J

        $B!!!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$H$$$&%l%H%j%C%/$,$O$i$`;kLn=L>.2=$O!"!V%j%9%/!W$H$$$&35G0$=$N$b$N$N9M$(J}$K$b?<$/4X$o$C$F$$$k!#Bh0l$K=EMW$J$N$O(J$B!V%j%9%/!W$H!VIT3N$B$H$$$&$3$H$@!#9)3XE*$J35G0$H$7$F$N%j%9%/$H$O!VK>$^$7$/$J$$=PMh;v$,5/$3$k3NN($K7k2L$NBg$-$5$r$+$1$?$b$N!W$G$"$j!"$7$?$,$C$F!"$I$N$h$&$J7k2L$,$I$N$h$&$JHo32DxEY$G@8$8$k$N$+$d!"$=$N@85/3NN($,DjNLE*$KCN$i$l$F$$$J$1$l$P0UL#$,$J$$35G0$@!#$=$7$F!VIT3N]$K4X$9$k!VL5CN!W$NDxEY$rI=$7$F$*$j!">l9g$K$h$C$F$O!V(J$B40A4$J$kL5CN(J$B!W$rI=$7$F$$$k!#DjNLE*$J%j%9%/I>2A$G$O!"$3$N$h$&$JL5CN$NDxEY$H$7$F$NIT3N2AA4BN$N?.Mj@-$N<\EY$H$7$FDjNLE*$J8+@Q$b$j$NBP>]$K$J$k$N$@$,!"40A4$J$kL5CN$N>l9g$K$O8+@Q$b$j$h$&$,$J$$!#@h$K$b=R$Y$?$h$&$KM=KI86B'$H$O!"IT3No$K9b$/!"2f!9$NL5CN$,?<9o$G$"$k$HH=CG$5$l$k>l9g$KA*$P$l$k%j%9%/4IM}$N$J$i$J$$!#(JGMOs$B$K4X$9$k!VM=KI86B'$+7rA4$J2J3X$+!W$NO@Ah$G$O!"2?$i$+$N8+@Q$b$j$,2DG=$JIT3N]$K4X$9$kL$CN$NNN0h$N9-$,$j$,$I$l$/$i$$Bg$-$$$N$+$H$$$&(J$BG'<1O@E*LdBj(J$B$bLd$o$l$F$$$k$N$G$"$k!#(J

        $B!!$3$N$h$&$JG'<1O@E*LdBj$r9M$($k>e$G=EMW$J$N$O!"A0@a$G=R$Y$?!V(J$BLdBj@_Dj$N;kLn=L>.2=(J$B!W$O!"0lHL$K!"(J$B%j%9%/I>2A$K$*$1$k8+$?$a$N3NZL@$KBP$9$kN)>Z@UG$$r7Z$/$9$k8z2L$r$b$A$d$9$$(J$B$H$$$&798~$@!#(JGMOs$BO@Ah$G$N!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$NMW5aZL@$rIi$o$;$k$HF1;~$K!"<+$i$NB&$G$O!"Ln302A$K$h$C$F?)IJ$d:nJ*$H$7$F$N0BA4@-$,>ZL@$5$l$F$$$k$H2A$K$+$+$o$k@lLgJ,Ln$r69$/8BDj$9$k$3$H$O!"IT3N.$5$/8+$;$k8z2L$r$b$D!#F1J,Ln(J($B$?$H$($PJ,;R@8J*3X$d0dEA3X(J)$B$N8&5fJ,Ln(J($B$?$H$($P@8BV3X(J)$B$N8&5fl9g$K$O!"$=$l$^$GI>2ABP>]$K$J$C$F$$$J$+$C$?;vJA$NIT3Nl9g$h$j$bA4BN$H$7$FIT3NZL@$N3N$B$B$G$"$k$H$$$&LL$,$+$J$j$"$k$N$@!#$5$i$K$O!">e$K$"$2$?$h$&$J2A$^$G4^$a$F9M$($l$P!"(JGMOs$B$N0BA4@-$NZ@UG$$N%O!<%I%k$b9b$/$J$k$H$$$($k$@$m$&!#(J

        $B!!$3$&$7$?G'<1O@E*LdBj$K2C$($F=EMW$J$N$O!"%j%9%/35G0$K4^$^$l$kJ82=E*$Jo$K2ACM4Q$NJ82=E*0c$$$r$O$i$s$@35G0$@$H$$$&$3$H$,$"$k!#$?$H$($P%i%s%0%I%s!&%&%#%J!<(J(Langdon Wiener)$B$,!X7_$H86;RO'!]5;=Q$N8B3&$r5a$a$F!Y(J($B5*0KT"20=qE9!"(J2000$BG/(J)$B$G;XE&$7$F$$$k$h$&$K!"B>J82=$KHf$Y$F0lHL$KJF9q?M$O!"%j%9%/$r!"$=$l$r@Q6KE*$K0z$-j$J$^$G$K2J3X$KAJ$($k3d9g$,2$=#=t9q$h$j$b6/$$!#H?BP$K%$%.%j%9$r$O$8$a$H$9$k2$=#=t9q$G$O!"$H$/$K6aG/!"Ev=i?M4V$X$N4m81@-$,7Z;k$5$l5,@)$,CY$l$?685mIB$NNc$,$"$C$?$?$a!"@/I\$d@/I\$N5,@)5!4X!&5,@)2J3XCHqo$K2{5?E*$K$J$C$F$$$k!#(J

        $B!!(JGM$B:nJ*$N5,@)$r$a$0$kJF9q$H(JEU$B$NBPN)$N>l9g$K$O!"N>CO0h$G$N!VG@6H$NJ82=E*0UL#!W$N0c$$$b1F6A$7$F$$$k!#32CnDq93@-%H%&%b%m%3%7(J(Bt-corn)$B$rNc$KJF2$$N!V7rA4$J2J3X(J-$BM=KI86B'!W$NO@Ah$rJ,@O$7$?(JLes Levidow$B$H(JSusan Carr$B$K$h$l$P!"JF$G$OG@CO$O0ll$N$h$&$K9M$($i$l$F$*$j!"Ln@86h$d<+A3J]8n6h$+$iL@3N$K6hJL$5$l$k$N$KBP$7!"2$=#$G$O!"2=3XHnNA!&G@Lt$r;H$$$J$,$i$b!"G@CO$O4D6-$N0lIt$H8+$J$5$l!"$=$NH~E*2ACM$dLn@8@8J*$N@8B)CO$H$7$F$N2ACM!"CO0h0d;:$H$7$F$N2ACM$b$b$C$F$*$j!"$5$i$K$O$3$N0c$$$,!"5,@)J}K!$KBP$9$k4D6-(JNGOs$B$NMW5a$,JF9q$h$j2$=#$N$[$&$,87$7$$$H$$$&0c$$$b@8$s$G$$$k$H$$$&$N$G$"$k(J(Les Levidow & Susan Carr, "Sound Science or Ideology?", FORUM for Applied Research and Public Policy, Fall 2000: 44-50)$B!#(J($B$3$NE@$G$O!"(JWTO$BG@6H8r>D$G$OF|K\$b(JEU$B$H$H$b$K!VG@6H$NB?LLE*5!G=$NJ]8n!W$rAJ$($F$$$k!#(J)

        $B!!$3$N$h$&$J%j%9%/35G0$K4^$^$l$kJ82=E*2A$O!"2A$7!"2?$re$N$h$&$JJ82=E*0c$$$d!"A0@a$N$h$&$J2A$NOHAH$_$Ke!"%j%9%/I>2A$NLdBj@_Dj$r<+A32J3XE*!&9)3XE*$JHO0O$K8BDj$9$k$3$H$N$[$&$,!"$+$($C$FWs0UE*$G$"$k!#$$$$$+$($l$P!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$NLdBj@_Dj$NHO0O$r$=$N$h$&$K8BDj$9$k$3$H<+BN$,!"2J3XE*$G$"$k$HF1;~$K0l$D$N@/<#E*$JA*Br$J$N$G$"$j!"$3$l$rC$B@/<#E*$J0UL#$GWs0UE*(J$B$J@lCG$J$N$G$"$k!#(J

        $B!!$3$NE@$O!"@h$KCm(J(8)$B$G$U$l$?!V0dEA;RAH49$(G@:nJ*$r9M$($k%3%s%;%s%5%92q5D!W$G$N@lLg2HF1;N$N0U8+$NBPN)$K$b?<$/4X$o$C$F$$$k!#@h$KI.$B$@$+$i(J$B5/$-$kLdBj$G$O$J$$$,!"(JGM$B:nJ*(J$B$G$b(J$B0z$-B3$-5/$3$kLdBj!W$@$H=R$Y$?!#l9g$K$b5/$3$kLdBj$J$N$@$+$i!"FCJL(JGM$B:nJ*$N%j%9%/I>2A$K4^$a$kI,MW$O$J$$!W$H$$$&8+2r(J($B<+A32J3X2A$9$k$?$a$N%Y!<%9%i%$%s$N0c$$$J$N$G$"$k!#$D$^$j!"A0&6HE*!&9)6HE*!&%b%N%+%k%A%c!u$N2~A1$O(JGM$B:nJ*$N2]Bj$G$O$J$$$H$7$?$&$($G!"@8;:@-A}Bg$d8zN(2=$d%S%?%_%s$J$IFCDj1IM\AGA}NL$K$h$k9bIU2C2ACM2=!"G@Lt!&=|Ap:^$N;6I[2s?t8:>/$K$h$k=>Mh$NG@Lt!&=|Ap:^$N4D6-Ii2Y$NDc8:$H$$$C$?%Y%M%U%#%C%H$d!"(JGM$B:nJ*$N;&CnFGAG$KBP$7$FDq93@-$r3MF@$7$?%9!<%Q!<32Cn$NH/@8$d%"%l%k%.!2A$O$I$l$[$I@5$7$$$N$+$H$$$&2J3XE*LdBj$G$O$"$k!#$7$+$7!"$=$l0J>e$KBg$-$$$N$O!"2?$rK>$^$7$$G@6H!&?)NH%7%9%F%`$N$"$jJ}$H9M$($k$N$+!"?75,$KF3F~$9$kG@6H5;=Q$O!"8=>u$KBP$7$F$I$s$J9W8%$r$9$Y$-$J$N$+!"$I$s$J4m81$rHr$1$k$Y$-$J$N$+$H$$$&2ACMH=CG$d!"$3$NH=CG$r$$$C$?$$(J$BC/$,(J$B$I$N$h$&$K$9$Y$-$J$N$+$H$$$&!V@/<#E*@5E}@-!W$NLdBj$J$N$G$"$k!#(J

        $B!!%j%9%/35G0$N@/<#E*$B!V%j%9%/!W$H!V%O%6!<%I!W$N0c$$(J$B$K$bCm0U$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#DL>o$N%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$N9)3XE*Dj5A$G$ON>l9g$K$O!"%j%9%/$H$O!"%j%9%/$rH<$&9T0Y$N$BG=F0E*4m81(J$B!W$G$"$j!"%O%6!<%I$O!"$?$H$($P=c?h$J<+A3:R32$N$h$&$K!"<+$i$N9T0Y$H%3%s%H%m!<%k$rD6$($?$b$N$K$h$C$F0z$-5/$3$5$lHo$k!V(J$B$B!W$rI=$9(J(9)$B!#$3$N$?$a!"F1$8%F%/%N%m%8!<$N4m81@-$G$"$C$F$b!"$=$l$rMxMQ$7Mx1W$rF@$k@Q6KE*$J

        (9)$B9T0Y$NG=F0@-!&$B!VCN3P$5$l$k4m81@-$N(J4$BN`7?!W(J$B$r;2>H!#$^$?%j%9%/CN3P$N@lLg2H$HHs@lLg2H(J($BAG?M(J)$B$NM-0UL#$J0c$$$K$D$$$F$O5H@nH%;R!X%j%9%/$H$D$-$"$&!=4m81$J;~Be$N%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s!Y(J($BM-He3UA*=q(J, 2000)$B$*$h$SCf@>=`;R!X4D6-%j%9%/O@!YBh(J6$B>O!"F|K\%j%9%/8&5f3X2qJT!X%j%9%/3X;vE5!YBh(J7$B>O$J$I$r;2>H!#(J

        $B!!%j%9%/9T0Y$N%3%s%H%m!<%k8"$H$"$$$^$C$F=EMW$J$N$,!"%j%9%/35G0$,H<$&(J$B!V@UG$!W(J(liability)$B$N4QG0$@!#1Q8l$G(J“at one's own risk”$B$H$$$($P!"!V<+$i$N@UG$$K$*$$$F9T$&$3$H!W$G$"$j!"47MQE*$K$O!V$9$k$Y$+$i$:!W$H$$$&4^0U$b$b$D8@$$2s$7$@!#$D$^$j%j%9%/$N$"$k9T0Y$r9T$&>l9g$K$O!"o$K@/<#E*$J$b$N$J$N$G$"$k!#D$N78AhE@$N0l$D$O!"$3$N@UG$LdBj$@$C$?$7!"@h$K$U$l$?!V0dEA;RAH49$(G@:nJ*$r9M$($k%3%s%;%s%5%92q5D!W$G!"A49q(J480$B?M6a$/$N1~Jgo$K0BA4$@$HH=CG$5$l$?$b$N$@$H$7$F$b!"L$CN$ND94|E*0-1F6A$d!"8=;~E@$G$NCN<1$N8m$j$,>-MhL@$i$+$K$J$k$+$b$7$l$J$$$H$$$&2DG=@-$r9MN8$9$l$P!"$I$s$J$b$N$G$"$C$F$b@UG$LdBj$O=EMW$G$"$k!#$J$*@UG$LdBj$G$O!V(J$B@=B$J*@UG$K!(J(PL$BK!(J)$B!W$,=EMW$@$,!"F|K\$N8=9T$N(JPL$BK!(J(1994$BG/@.N)(J)$B$G$O!"L$2C9)G@NSC\;:J*$K$D$$$F$O!"4pK\E*$K<+A3$NNO$rMxMQ$7$?$b$N$G$"$j!"9bEY$K2C9)$5$l$?9)6H@=IJ$H$O@8;:7ABV$,Cx$7$/0[$J$k$?$a!"!V@=B$J*!W$NHO0O$K4^$a$i$l$F$$$J$$!#(JGM$B:nJ*!&?)IJ$N>l9g$K$O!"0lJ}$G!"9bEY$J(JGM$B5;=Q$K$h$C$F2C9)$5$l$?$b$N$G$"$k$3$H$+$i!"@=B$J*@UG$$rLd$o$l$kBP>]$K$J$k$H$b$$$($k$,!"B>J}$G!"$$$o$f$k0BA4?3::$K$*$1$k!V$($P!"(JGM$B:nJ*$HHs(JGM$B:nJ*$NK\]30$K$J$k2DG=@-$b$"$k!#$J$*%"%a%j%+!"%U%i%s%9!"%k%/%;%s%V%k%/!"%U%#%s%i%s%I$J$I$N2$JF=t9q$G$O!"L$2C9)G@NSC\;:J*$b@=B$J*$K4^$a$F$*$j!"%I%$%D$G$O(J1990$BG/$K@.N)$7$?0dEA;R9)3XK!$K$h$C$F!"(JGM$B5;=Q$K$h$C$F@8$8$?4m81$KBP$7$FL52a<:@UG$$r2]$9$3$H$rDj$a$F$$$k(J($BAa@n9'I'!V0dEA;RAH$_49$(?)IJ$N8w$H1F!W!"B

        $B!!$$$&$^$G$b$J$/0J>e$N$h$&$JJ82=E*!&@/<#E*LdBj$KBP$9$k;kLn$O!"9)3XE*$J%j%9%/35G0$K$O4^$^$l$F$$$J$$$b$N$@$,!"8=2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$NOHAH$_$NCf$G$OEvA39MN8$KF~$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$b$N$G$"$k!#@h$K;29MJ88%$H$7$F$"$2$?%j%9%/I>2A5Z$S%j%9%/4IM}$K4X$9$kJF9qBgE}NN!&5D2q;pLd0Q0w2qJT!X4D6-%j%9%/4IM}$N?7$?$J2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$N%W%m%;%9A4BN$K$o$?$kMx324X78D$N$h$&$J>l$GMW5a$5$l$k$h$&$J2a7c$J!V7rA4$J2J3X!W$O!"$3$N$h$&$J%j%9%/O@Ah$NJ82=E*!&@/<#E*$B%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$NHs@/<#2=(J(apoliticization)$B!W$N$?$a$N@/<#E*%$%G%*%m%.!<$K$b$J$C$F$*$j!"@h$NIT3NZ@UG$0lLL2=$H$H$b$K!"K\Mh$N%j%9%/I>2A!&%j%9%/4IM}$N9M$(J}$KBg$-$/$=$`$/$b$N$K$J$C$F$$$k$N$@(J($B;29M?^I=(J)$B!#0l8+!V2J3X(J vs. $B@/<#!W$H$$$&BPN)$K8+$($kO@Ah$N$J$+$GK\Ev$KAh$o$l$F$$$k$N$O!"7k6I$N$H$3$m!"(J$B$I$s$J$^$7$$$N$+!"$=$l$r$B$H$$$&LdBj$J$N$G$"$k!#(J


        $B!!0J>e$N$h$&$K(JGM$B:nJ*$N!V%j%9%/!W$r$a$0$k2J3X$H@/<#$OJ#;($J$b$N$G$"$j!"@h$K=R$Y$?$h$&$J!V2J3XE*H=CG$K4p$E$/@/<#E*H=CG!W$H$$$&C1=c$J%$%a!<%8$d!V87L)$J2J3XE*7hDj$+!"Ws0UE*$J@/<#E*7hCG$+!W$H$$$C$?FsJ,K!$G$O!"2J3XE*$K$b@/<#E*$K$b=EBg$J2a$A$r$^$M$/I]$l$,$"$k!#2J3X$H@/<#$O$7$P$7$PJL$A$,$?$/7k$S$D$$$F$*$j!"!V7k$7$F$$$k$N$G$"$k!#0lHL$K?MJ8l9g$G$b!"2J3XE*9gM}@-$NFbp$@!#2J3X8&5f$,9T$o$l!"@/:vN)0F2aDx$J$I$5$^$6$^$J>lLL$GMQ$$$i$l$kMM$r4Q;!$7!"2J3XE*$J9gM}@-$Hl$K?<$/J,$1F~$k$H$3$m$K!"(JSTS$BE*8&5f$N??9|D:$,$"$k!#(J

        5. $BCN<1@/<#3X$+$i(JSTS$B$r9M$($k(J(2)$B!'!!0lHL;TL1$N2J3XM}2r(J(PUS)

        $B!!(JSTS$BE*%"%W%m!<%A$NFC?'$rJ*8l$kCN<1@/<#3X%F!<%^$N$b$&0l$D$NNc$O!"2J3X!&5;=Q$N@lLg2H$H$=$NAG?M(J($B$H$j$"$($:!V0lHL;TL1!W$H8F$V$3$H$K$9$k(J)$B$H$N$"$$$@$N%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$dAj8_:nMQ$K4X$9$k!V2J3X%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s!W$@!#2J3X%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F$O!"!V(J$B0lHL;TL1$N2J3XM}2r(J(Public Understanding of Science; PUS)$B!W$H8F$P$l$k8&5f$*$h$S1?F0$NEAE}$,(J80$BG/BeH>$P:"$+$i$"$j!"BgJL$7$F

        1. $B!!0lHL;TL1$N2J3X$X$NBVEY!&AGM\(J($B%j%F%i%7!<(J)$B!&M}2rEY$KBP$9$kE}7WE*D4::(J
        2. $B!!0lHL;TL1$NG'CNMM<0$K4X$9$kG'CN?4M}3XE*$J%"%W%m!<%A(J
        3. $B!!9=@.

          $B!!$3$l$i$N$&$A(J(3)$B$,(JSTS$BE*$J(JPUS$B$G$"$j!"$3$l$r!V(J$B$B!W$H8F$V$3$H$,$G$-!"(J(1)$B!"(J(2)$B$HBPN)$b$7$/$OJd404X78$K$"$k!#$NFs$D$NLdBjE@$O6&DL$7$F$$$k$N$G!"$3$3$G$O

          5.1. $B7

          $B!!(J(1)$B$N%?%$%W$N(JPUS$B$O!"(J80$BG/BeH>$P0J9_$K%$%.%j%9$N%m%$%d%k%=%5%$%(%F%#$dA4JF2J3X:bCD(J(NSF: National Science Foundation)$B$,$9$9$a$F$-$?$b$N$G$"$j!"0lHL;TL1$KBP$9$k2J3XE*35G0$dJ}K!$K4X$9$k!V(J$B2J3XE*AGM\(J($B2J3X%j%F%i%7!<(J)$B!W$N7$B7$B!W$H8F$V$3$H$,$G$-$k!#$=$NGX7J$K$O!"M}9)7O?J3X/$7!"8=:_$NF|K\$HF1MM$N$$$o$f$k!VM}2JN%$l!W$,L\N)$C$?$3$H$J$I$+$i!"0lHL;TL1$N2J3XE*AGM\$r9b$a$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"M}9)7O3X@8$,A}2C$7$?$j!"2J3X5;=Q?66=$X$N0lHL$+$i$N;Y;}$,A}$(!"$R$$$F$O9q$N5;=Q?e=`$H7P:Q6%AhNO$N8~>e$K$D$J$,$k$@$m$&$H$$$&4|BT$d!"8D?M$,!"$?$H$($P%j%9%/$N$h$&$J2J3X!&5;=Q$K$+$+$o$k=tLdBj$K4X$9$k8D?ME*$^$?$O8x6&E*$J0U;W7hDj$r9gM}E*$K9T$&=u$1$K$J$k$@$m$&$H$$$&4|BT$,$"$C$?!#$3$&$7$?9M$($O!"1QJF$K8B$i$:$I$3$N9q$K$b8+$i$l$k$b$N$G$"$j!"@*NOE*$K$O(JPUS$B$N

          $B!!$3$N$h$&$J$B%Q%V%j%C%/!&%"%/%;%W%?%s%9(J(PA: Public Acceptance)$B!W$N?^<0$K$O$^$j$,$A$G$"$k$3$H$O!"2~$a$F6/D4$9$k$^$G$b$J$$$@$m$&!#$?$H$($PF|K\$N2J3X5;=QD#(J($B8=!&J8It2J3X>J(J)$BH/9T$N!X2J3X5;=QGr=q!Y$G$bI,$:=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k$N$,!"!V2J3X5;=Q$r?66=$9$k$?$a$K$O9qL1$NM}2r$,I,MW$G$"$k!W$H$$$&$3$H$@!#$"$k$$$O86;RNOH/EE=j$J$I!"%j%9%/$NH<$&;\@_$NN)CO!&7z@_$r$a$0$C$F$b7+$jJV$5$l$k$N$O!"!V$4M}2r$$$?$@$/!W%$%3!<%k!V]$G$"$k5;=Q$N3+H/$dMxMQ$KMx32$r;}$D@lLg2H$d9T@/C4Ev

          $B!!$3$N$h$&$J$$$o$P!V(J$B9gM}@-$NFH@j(J$B!W$O!":rG/=;L1EjI<$K@.8y$7$?5HLn@n2DF01aLdBj$G$b!"9T@/B&$,$H$C$F$-$?BVEY$K0l4S$7$F8+$i$l$?$b$N$@!#$J$+$G$bCf;3857z@_Bg?C$,!"=;L1EjI<$r$5$7$F!VL1J$N5;=QE*H=CG$O!"5;=QE*!&4D6-E*!&7P:QE*$K9gM}E*$J$N$+!W!"!V7z@_>J$,$$$&!X@lLg2H!Y$O@lLg2HB-$j$&$k$N$+!W$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$j!"$3$N9gM}@-$d!"@lLg2H=8CD$NG=NO$N$$$o$P!V@5E}@-(J(legitimacy)$B$X$N=;L1%0%k!<%W$NLd$$$+$1<+BN$r!"!VAG?M8F$P$o$j!W$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$FL[;&$7$F$-$?$N$,7z@_>J$@$C$?$N$G$"$k!#%]%Q!<$NHcH=E*9gM}J$N$[$&$@$H$5$(8@$($k$@$m$&!#(J

          $B!!$5$F!"e5-$N$h$&$J4|BT$,$I$l$[$I8=/$J$$$NMn:9$@$1$G$"$j!"N>(1)$B!#(J

          (1) $B$3$3$G=R$Y$?u67$K0MB8$7$?$b$N$G$"$k$3$H$KCm0U$5$l$?$$!#J8It2J3X>J$,=`Hw$r4+$a$F$$$k=iEyCfEy650i$N?7;XF3MWNN$G$O!"$^$C$?$/7OE}@-$J$/M}?t7O2JL\$NFbMF$,(J3$B3d$b:o8:$5$l$k!#JL$K7P:Q%J%7%g%J%j%:%`$K%3%_%C%H$;$6$k$H$b!"$=$N7P:QE*1F6A$OBg$$$K7|G0$;$6$k$r$($J$$$7!"$^$7$F$d6aG/B?H/$7$F$$$k5;=Q$N0BA4@-!&IJu67$G$O!"(JSTS$B$NO@E@$bAj1~$KJQ$($M$P$J$i$J$$!#(J

          $B!!$3$&$7$?$B7gG!%b%G%k(J(deficit model)$B!W$H8F$S!"$=$N0lLLE*$G0lJ}E*$JCN<14Q$d%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s4Q$rHcH=$7$F$$$k$N$,!"(JPUS$B$N8=>l$KMisunderstanding Science?: The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology, Cambridge University Press, 1996)$B$H$$$&O@J8=8$G$"$j!"%U%#!<%k%ID4::$J$I$r$b$H$K!"7gG!%b%G%k$+$i$O8+$($J$$!VAG?M!W$N2J3X%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$K$*$1$kG=F0E*$JLr3d$d!"@lLg2H$,H=CG$9$k9gM}@-$K$O4T85$G$-$J$$AG?M$J$j$N9gM}@-$K8w$r$"$F$F$$$k!#$^$?%"!<%&%#%s$O!"%$%.%j%9$N7P:Q!&$B2J3X@/:v;Y1g%0%k!<%W(J(SPSG: Science Policy Support Group)$B$K$h$k(JPUS$B%W%m%0%i%`(J$B$r(J1998$BG/(J2$B7n$+$i(J1999$BG/(J4$B7n$^$GE83+$7$F$$$k!#(J

          5.2. $B

          $B!!$B$$$o$f$k!VAG?M!W$HJ,N`$5$l$F$7$^$&?M!9$b$^$?!"$=$l$>$l$NCO0h$G$N@83h$d?&6H$N7P83$K4p$E$$$?8GM-$NCN<1$d!"H`(J/$BH`=w$i$,CV$+$l$F$$$k$B$H$$$&G'<1$@!#(J

          $B$A$J$_$K!VAG?M!W$,$b$D8GM-$NCN<1$O!"$7$P$7$P%/%j%U%)!<%I!&%.%"%D$K$J$i$C$F!V(J$B%m!<%+%k%N%l%C%8(J$B!W$H8F$P$l!"$=$&$7$?CN<1$r$b$DAG?M$N$3$H$r%&%#%s$?$A$O!VJ?(J($B$R$i(J)$B@lLg2H(J(lay experts)$B"(!W(J(local experts$B$H$b$$$&(J)$B$H8F$S!"$$$o$f$k@lLg2H$G$"$k?&6HE*@lLg2H(J(professional experts/credential experts)$B$KBPCV$7$F$$$k!#(J($B"((J $BAG?M(J(lay person)$B$rI=$9(J"lay"$B$O85Mh$O!"%-%j%9%H65$N@;?&$B$^$?%m!<%+%k%N%l%C%8$O!"!VCO0hE*CN<1!W$d!V6I=jE*CN<1!W$H$$$o$l$k$3$H$b$"$k$,!"$h$j9-$/$OI,$:$7$bJ*M}E*$J6u4V@-$r4^0U$7$J$$!V(J$B6I:_E*CN<1(J$B!W$H$$$&I=8=$N$[$&$,NI$$$@$m$&!#?&6H8GM-$NCN<1$d5;NL(J(skill)$B$N$h$&$J$b$N$O!"6u4VE*$K6I:_$7$F$b$$$k$H$b$$$($k$,!"(J$B$=$N?&6H8GM-$N(J$B7P83$NL.Mm$K6I:_$7$F$$$k(J$B$H$$$C$?$[$&$,E,Ev$@$H9M$($i$l$k$+$i$@!#(J

          $B!!$3$l$KBP$7$$$o$f$k2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$N>l9g$K$O!">/$J$/$H$b7zA0$H$7$F$9$Y$F$N?&6H?M$d@83hN$5$l$k?M!9$N=8CD$N$J$+$G$5$(!"$=$l$,$R$m$/6&M-$5$l$k$3$H$O$[$H$s$I$J$$$H$$$&E@$G!"%m!<%+%k%N%l%C%8$N0l$D$@$H$$$($k!#$^$?2J3X!&5;=Q$NCN<1$O!"$=$NE,MQHO0O$N9-$5!=0lHL@-$dIaJW@-!=$,FCD'$@$HDL>o$O9M$($i$l$F$$$k!#$7$+$78e$K$b=R$Y$k$h$&$K!"2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$N@lLgE*CN<1$OB?$/$N>l9g!"r7o$N$b$H$G@8$_=P$5$l3MF@$5$l$?$b$N$G$"$j!"$=$l$,$=$N$^$^J#;($GB?MM$Jr7o$r$b$C$?6qBNE*>u67$KE,MQ$9$k>l9g$K$O!"KDBg$J?t$N2>Dj$r$b$&$1$?$j!"4{CN$N$3$H$+$i$N30A^$r9T$C$?$j$9$k$J$I$7$F!"IT3Nl9g$N$h$&$K!"6qBNE*>u67$N>r7o$r$B@$3&$N$B!W$H$$$&$d$jJ}$O!"Knowledge and Power$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!#(J)

          $B!!$7$+$7$J$,$i2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$N@lLgCN<1$H%m!<%+%k%N%l%C%8$K$O$B78$o$j(J$B!W$r1G$7=P$9$b$N$@$H$$$($k(I!$B$5$-$K5HLn@n2DF01aLdBj$G=;L1$N?M!9$O!"1a$K4X$9$k@lLgCN<1$r?H$K$D$15;=QO@Ah$r7z@_>J$H$d$C$?$H=R$Y$?$,!"l$d=;L1$N8rN.$N>l!"@83h$N4pHW$H$7$F$N5HLn@n$HCO0h$N?M!9$NB?MM$J78$o$j$r:FG'<1$7!"@n$H$NIU$-9g$$$d?($l9g$$$r?7$?$KAOB$$7$F$$$/$3$H$@$C$?(I!$B$D$^$j!V5HLn@n$K$D$$$FCN$k!W$3$H$O!V5HLn@n$H$D$-$"$&!W$3$H$=$N$b$N$J$N$G$"$j!"$=$3$K$O?M!9$N4X?4$dI,MW!"0UL#$E$1$,H?1G$5$l$F$$$k(I!$B$3$l$KBP$72J3X(I%$B5;=Q$N@lLgCN<1$O$I$&$+(I!$B3N$+$K$=$l$b$^$?!"u67$N0c$$$rD6$($F2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$NCN<1$d%F%/%K%C%/$r9-$/E,MQ2DG=$K$9$kHk7m$G$b$"$k$HF1;~$K!"6qBNE*>u67$d?M!9$N4X?4$d%K!<%:$H$NP*N%$N8;$J$N$G$"$k(I!(J

          $B!!$5$F!"l=j$@$,!"(J1986$BG/$N%A%'%k%N%V%$%j86H/;v8N$ND>8e!"6I=jE*$JMk1+$K8+Iq$o$l$?$=$N6a9Y$NMoG@COBS$,9bG;EY$NJ|8e$O$=$N1F6A$OL5;k$G$-$k$H$7$?@/I\$O!"(J6$B=54V8e$K$O!"1x@w$5$l$?KRAp$r?)$Y$?$=$NEZCO$NMS$,=P2Y$5$l$F1x@w$,9-$,$i$J$$$h$&$K!"(J3$B=54V$N=P2YDd;_Na$rH/Na$7$?!#!V(J3$B=54V!W$H$$$&$N$O!"9q$N@lLg2H%A!<%`$N8=COD4::$K$h$C$F!"J|m$KD>$A$K5[<}!&8GDj$5$l!"KRAp$,5[$$>e$2$k$3$H$J$$$HH=CG$5$l$?$?$a$G$"$k!#$7$+$7$J$,$i(J3$B=54V$r1[$(!"$d$,$F(J2$BG/$,7P$C$F$b1x@wG;EY$O2<$,$i$J$+$C$?!#$J$<$+!#m!W$H$$$&A0Ds$,4V0c$C$F$$$?$N$G$"$k!#8=CO$NEZ>m$O;@@-E%C:!Dj$7!"$=$l$K4p$E$$$FM=B,$rN)$F$?$N$G$"$k!#$h$j>\$7$/$$$($P!"8=COD4::$r9T$C$?%A!<%`$N@lLg2H$OJ*M}3X7O$@$1$G$"$j!"EZ>m$N2=3XFC@-8!::$K4X$9$k@lLgCN<1$d5!:`$b;}$C$F$$$J$+$C$?!#H`$i$KM#0lMxMQ2DG=$@$C$?$N$,!V%"%k%+%j@-G4EZm$K$*$1$kJ|

          $B!!%&%#%s$N8&5f$O!"$3$N0lO"$N=PMh;v$r7P83$7$?CO85$NMoG@2H$+$i$N%$%s%?%t%e!<$K4p$E$$$F$$$k!#%$%s%?%t%e!m$K4X$9$kCN<1$O!"MoG@2H$H$7$F$N7P83$+$iMoG@2H$?$A$O$b$C$F$$$?$H$$$&$3$H!"$=$7$F!"$=$l$K$b$+$+$o$i$:8=COD4::$K$-$?@lLg2H$?$A$O!"$=$&$7$?%m!<%+%k%N%l%C%8$r;}$C$?!VJ?@lLg2H!W$?$A$r$?$@$NL5CN$JAG?M$H8+$J$7$F!"2?$NAjCL$b$;$:!">!!(2)$B!#(J

          (2) $BMoG@2H$?$A$O!"KRApCO$K$O$"$A$3$A$K7&$_$,$"$k$?$a!"<~$j$h$j$b1+?e$,B?$/$?$^$j!"J|l=j$,$"$k$3$H$K5$$E$$$F$$$?$,!"@lLg2H$?$A$ND4::$O$=$&$7$?0c$$$r9MN8$7$F$$$J$$$h$&$K8+$($?$N$G$"$k!#$^$?D4::7k2L$b!VJ?6QCM!W$7$+8xI=$5$l$J$+$+$C$?$?$a!"MoG@2H$?$A$N$3$N5?$$$O$5$i$K6/$^$k$3$H$H$J$C$?!#$A$J$_$K!VJ?6QCM!W$K$h$C$F!"B,DjCM$N=EBg$JJQ0[(J($B$P$i$D$-(J)$B$,1#$5$l$F$7$^$&$H$$$&;vNc$O!"$3$N$h$&$J4m81;v>]$ND4::$G$O$h$/$"$k$h$&$@!#$?$H$($P:#G/(J(2001$BG/(J)$B=i$a$KL@$i$+$K$J$C$?M-L@3$%N%jHo32$GG@NS?e;:>J$,3+$$$?Bh;0.CM$rJD$a@Z$jA0$H8e$GHf$Y$k$H:GBg(J40%$B$b$N0c$$$,$"$C$?$3$H$,J,$+$C$F$$$k!#(J($B5~ET?7J9(J, 2001$BG/(J3$B7n(J26$BF|(J1$BLL!#(J)

          $B!!$3$N$h$&$J;vm!W$H$$$&%b%G%k$,8=CO$K$"$F$O$^$k$b$N$@$C$?$J$i!"$=$NM=B,$O@.8y$7$?$@$m$&$,$=$&$G$O$J$+$C$?!#$^$?D4::BP>]$,m$rMQ$$$F!"M=B,$I$*$j$N$r7k2L$r=P$;$?$@$m$&$,!"8=m$N2=3XE*$J@-r7o$r%3%s%H%m!<%k$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$?$@$m$&$,!"J#;($J8=CO$N4D6-$G$=$l$OFq$7$+$C$?$N$@!#2J3XCN<1$r!"6qBNE*$J8=u67$K$3$^$+$/E,MQ$9$k$3$H$O!"IT2DG=$G$O$J$$$K$7$F$b!"$H$F$bFq$7$$$3$H$J$N$G$"$j!"$=$l$,@.8y$9$k$K$O!"?&6HE*$J@lLg2H$N@lLgCN<1$HCO85$N?M!9$N%m!<%+%k%N%l%C%8$r$&$^$/66EO$7$7!"N>$BAj8_3X=,(J$B$9$kI,MW$,$"$k$N$@(I!(J

          $B!!$7$+$7$J$,$i$3$N;vNc$O!"C1$K@lLg2H$NB&$N!VL5CN!W$HAG?M$NB&$N!VM-<1!W$H$$$&!"DL>o$N@lLg2H(J-$BAG?M4X78$N5UE>$@$1$rJ*8l$C$F$$$k$o$1$G$O$J$$!#%&%#%s$O!"N>$BCN<1$KBP$9$kBVEY$N0c$$(J$B!W$r;XE&$7$F$$$k(I!$B$=$l$O!"@lLg2H$K$H$C$FCN<1$H$O!"J*$J$i$J$$$N$KBP$7!"MoG@2H$?$A$K$H$C$F$O!"?M4V$NCN<1$K$h$k<+A3$NM=B,$d%3%s%H%m!<%k$K$O$$$D$G$b<+$:$H8B3&$,$"$j!"?M4V$,<+A3$r;YG[$9$k$h$j$b!"?M4V$,<+A3$KE,1~$9$k$h$&$K$9$k$3$H$,CR7C$@$H9M$($F$$$?$H$$$&0c$$$@(I!$B8em$dMS$N$3$H$K$D$$$F@lLg2H$+$i2?$bAjCL$5$l$:!"=*;OD4::$N2cD"$N30$KCV$+$l$D$E$1$?$3$H$O!"MS;t$$$N@lLg2H$H$7$F$NH`$i$N8X$j$r=}$D$1$k!V(J$B%"%$%G%s%F%#%F%#!&%j%9%/(J$B!W$r$O$i$s$G$$$?$3$H$r%&%#%s$O;XE&$7$F$$$k(I!$B$3$N5.3. $B

          $B!!%&%#%s$N;vNc$,<($9$b$&0l$D=EMW$JO@E@$O!"0J>e$N$h$&$J@lLg2H$HAG?M$H$N%.%c%C%W$,!"@lLg2H$d@/I\$KBP$9$kMoG@2H$?$A$N!V(J$BIT?.(J$B!W$rBg$$$K0i$F$?$H$$$&E@$K$"$k!#$?$H$($P!"Ev=i$N1x@wG;EYDc2o<1E*$JNQM}4Q$+$i$9$l$P$R$I$/P~K}$G!"H`$i$N8@$&$3$H$O?.MQ$7$F$O$J$i$J$$$H$7$+8+$($J$+$C$?$N$G$"$k!#$5$i$K$$$($P$3$NIT?.$NGX7J$K$O!"(J1957$BG/$K5/$-$?%;%i%U%#!<%k%I$NO'?42P:R;v8N$N7P83$,$"$C$?!#

          $B!!$3$N$h$&$J@lLg2H$d9T@/$KBP$9$k?M!9$NIT?.$,!"%j%9%/$J$I2J3XE*>pJs$NEAC#$HM}2r$rI,MW$H$9$k2J3X%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$NBg$-$J>c32$K$J$k$3$H$O!"$$$o$f$k!V%j%9%/%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s!W$NJ,Ln$G$O$h$/CN$i$l$?$3$H$G$"$k!#$7$+$7$3$3$G=EMW$J$N$O!"$7$P$7$P8+$i$l$k$h$&$K!"$=$&$7$?IT?.$r!"(J$B!VAG?M!W$NB&$NL5CN$f$($N!V46>pE*H?H/!W$HM}2r$7$F$O$J$i$J$$(J$B$H$$$&$3$H$@!#$H$$$&$N$O!"(J$BIT?.$d?.Mj$O!"%j%9%/$,7|G0$5$l$k5;=Q$d9T0Y$NpJs$NDs6!$B$B$N7k2L$G$"$k$3$H$,B?$$(J$B$N$G$"$j!"$=$NH=CG$O!"A4$/L5:,5r$J>p=oE*H?1~$G$"$k$I$3$m$+!"M}@-E*$J

          $B!!$?$H$($P0dEA;RAH$_49$(?)IJ(J(GM$B?)IJ(J)$B$KBP$7$F2$=#$G9-$^$C$F$$$kH]DjE*BVEY$O!"$7$P$7$P(JGM$B%a!<%+!<$d%"%a%j%+@/I\$K$h$C$F!"(JGM$B$KBP$9$k2J3XE*M}2r$r7g$$$?46>pE*H?1~$HYhYi$5$l$k$3$H$,B?$$!#$7$+$7!"$H$/$K(J1998-9$BG/$K!">CHqe$,$C$?%$%.%j%9$N9qL1$N>l9g$K$O!"$=$l0JA0$K!"?M$KBP$9$k685mIB$N1F6A$K4X$9$k@lLg2H$N8m?G$H$$$&$r@8$-$F$-$??M4V$K$H$C$F!"@/I\$d@/I\$*Jz$($N@lLg2H$,8@$&$3$H$OH}$K$D$P$r$D$1$FJ9$+$J$$$H$$$1$J$$$H$$$&$N$O!"6K$a$F7rA4$Jo<1$G$"$C$F!"2?$N5?$$$bJz$+$:AGD>$K@lLg2H$d@/I\$N8@$&$3$H$rJ9$-F~$l$k$N$O!"$?$H$($=$l$,7k2LE*$K@5$7$$$b$N$G$"$C$?$H$7$F$b!"6r$+$G$"$m$&!#(J

          $B!!$3$3$G=EMW$J$N$O!"!X2J3X$r8m2r$9$k!)!Y=j<}$NO@J8(J“Science and Hell's Kitchen: local understanding hazard issue”$B$G%"!<%&%#%s$i$,;XE&$7$F$$$k$h$&$K!"Ev3:$N%j%9%/;v>]$K4X$9$kHs@lLg2H$G$"$k(J$B0lHL$N?M!9$K$H$C$F$O!"$=$N;v>]$K4X$9$k@lLgE*$G%F%/%K%+%k$J;v$B$H$$$&$3$H$@!#$=$7$F$=$l$O!"C1$KAG?M$O!"@lLgE*CN<1$,$J$$$?$a$K!"%j%9%/$d2J3X!&5;=Q$K4X$9$k@lLgE*$JFbMF$h$j$O!"(J($B$=$N>eJU$G$"$k(J)$B]$@!#eJU$P$+$j8+$F$$$k!W$HJ86g$r$$$&$b$N$@$,!"eJU$K2a$.$J$$!W$H$_$J$9$3$H<+BN$,!"

          $B!!:G$b=EMW$J%]%$%s%H$O!"(J$B2?$,2J3XE*>pJs$N!VM-0UL#$JFbMF!W$J$N$+$H$$$&$3$H<+BN$,!"$B$H$$$&$3$H$@!#$$$$$+$($l$P!"Hs@lLg2H$K$H$C$F$O!"@lLgE*;vpJs!W$J$N$G$"$j!"N>

          $B!!0l$D$O>pJs$N!VCf?H!W$K4X$9$kO@E@$@(I!$B$D$^$j!"$=$NJ,Ln$N@lLg2H$G$O$J$$?M!9$K$H$C$F2J3XE*>pJs$N=EMW@-$d0UL#$O!"H`(J/$BH`=w$i$N9TF0$d$=$N$?$a$NH=CG:`NA$H$7$FM-MQ$+$I$&$+$G1opJs$H$O2?$+(I!$B$b$A$m$s$=$NJ*pJs$@$,!"2=3X$N@lLgCN<1$OI,$:$7$b=EMW$G$O$J$$(I!$BH`(J/$BH`=w$i$,Bh0l$KM_$7$F$$$k$N$O!"$=$NJ*pJs$@$+$i$@(I!$B%"!<%&%#%s$K$h$l$P!"?M!9$,Bh0l$K5a$a$k$N$O!"H`(J/$BH`=w$i$,CV$+$l$?>u67$N$J$+$G!"<+$i$N@83h$KBP$9$k%3%s%H%m!<%k2DG=@-$r9b$a$?$j!">u67$rJQ$($k$?$a$NNO$H$J$j$&$k>pJs$@(I!$B>pJs$N=EMW@-$dFbMF$NA*Br$O!"$3$N9TF02DG=@-$K$h$C$FH=CG$5$l$k$N$G$"$k(I!$B$^$?!"Ev3:$N;vJA$K$D$$$F$N?&6HE*$J@lLg2H0J30$NB?$/$N?M4V$O!"$=$l$>$l$N@83h$d?&6H$K$*$1$k3hF0$K@lG0$7$F$$$k$N$G$"$j!"@lLg2H$HF1Ey$NCN<1$r?H$KIU$1$k;~4V$HO+NO$r3d$/$3$H$O6K$a$FFq$7$$(I!$B$b$A$m$s!"<+$iEXNO$7$F!V@lLg2H!W$K$J$C$F$7$^$&Nc$O$?$/$5$s$"$k$7!"$=$&$J$l$PFHNO$GH=CG$r2<$9$3$H$,MF0W$K$J$k$,!"$9$Y$F$N?M$K$=$l$r4|BT$9$k$N$O6uA[E*$@(I!$B$7$P$7$P@lLg2H$O!"AG?M$O$A$c$s$HM}6~$rM}2r$7$h$&$H$7$J$$$G7k2L$P$+$jCN$j$?$,$k$HC2$/$,!"$=$l$O$$$5$5$+P~K}$J4|BT$G$9$i$"$k(I!$B%j%9%/2sHr9TF0$N$?$a$NH=CG:`NA$H$$$&E@$G$O!"$h$j>\$7$/?.Mj$G$-$k>pJs$rF@$k$K$O!"$I$3$NC/$K%3%s%?%/%H$9$l$P$$$$$N$+!"$I$N$h$&$K1?F0$rAH?%$7$?$j!"$I$N$h$&$K5D0w$KF/$-$+$1$?$i$$$$$N$+$H$$$C$?CN<1$N$[$&$,$:$C$H=EMW$J$N$@(I!$B$^$?!"LdBj$H$J$C$F$$$k2=3XJ*pJs$,I,MW$J>l9g$K$b!"?M!9$,I,MW$H$9$k$N$O!"H`(J/$BH`=w$i$,@83h$9$k8D!9$N6qBNE*$J>u67$N$J$+$G$N$=$N2=3XJ*u67$G$N?6$kIq$$$G$O$J$$$7!"$^$?:Y$+$/:YJ,2=$5$l$?@lLgJ,Ln$N8DJLCN<1$G$O$J$/!"6qBNE*>u67$K78$o$k$9$Y$F$NCN<1$,I,MW$H$5$l$k$N$@(I!$BF1$82=3XJ*pJs$G$b!"$R$H$?$S$=$l$,6qBNE*$J>u67$d

          $B!!$b$&0l$D=EMW$JO@E@$O!">e$G$b$U$l$?!V?.Mj$G$-$k>pJs$rF@$k$K$O$I$N>pJs8;$K%3%s%?%/%H$9$l$P$$$$$+!W$H$$$&!V(J$B>pJs8;$N?.Mj@-(J$B!W$NLdBj$@(I!$B>e$G$b=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"BgB??t$N?M!9$O<+$iEv3:J,Ln$N@lLg2H$K$J$k;~4VE*!&O+NOE*$JM>M5$O$J$$(I!$BC/$K$H$C$F$bMxMQ2DG=$J;~4V$d;q8;$OM-8B$@$H$$$&!V(J$B5!2qHqMQ(J$B!W$NJI$,$"$k$+$i$@(I!$B$=$&$J$k$H!"<+$iFHNO$G>pJs$N?.Mj@-$rH=CG$G$-$J$$?M!9$O!"!V$I$NAH?%$d8D?M$,?.Mj$G$-$k>pJs8;$J$N$+!W$rH=CG$7$h$&$H$9$k(I!$B$5$-$K0lHL;TL1$O!";vpJs8;$N?.Mj@-$rH=CG$9$k$?$a$@(I!$B2>$K@lLgE*$JCf?H$rM}2r$7$h$&$H$9$k>l9g$G$b!"$$$C$?$$$I$3$N>pJs8;$N@lLgE*>pJs$,$h$j?.Mj$G$-$k$N$+$,J,$+$i$J$1$l$P$I$&$7$h$&$b$J$$(I!$B$=$7$F!">pJs$N?.Mj@-$rH=CG$9$k$?$a$K>pJs8;$N?.Mj@-$r6cL#$9$k$3$H$O!"Z$9$k$3$H$O$J$$(I!$B$?$H$($P8"0R$"$k3X=Q;o$K7G:\$5$l$?O@J8$@$+$i$H$$$&$3$H$d!"$=$NO@J8CxZ$G$-$kG=NO$r;}$C$F$$$k$3$H$,@lLg2H$NIJZL@$G$"$k$7!"$B%T%"%l%t%e!<(J(peer review: $B@lLgCg4V$K$h$kI>2A(J)$B!W$K$h$C$F=8CDE*$K>pJs$NIJpJs8;$,Hf3SE*3NDj$7$F$$$k$N$KBP$7!"8el9g$K$O$=$&$7$?!V(J$B>pJs8;$N3JIU$1%a%+%K%:%`(J$B!W$,B8:_$7$J$$$3$H$@$m$&(I!(J

          5.4. $B $B!!!!!=!!@8$-$?!V2J3X%j%F%i%7!

          $B!!:G8e$K$b$&0lE@!"pJs$N$d$j$B$h$j@Q6KE*$K@lLg2H$,!"0lHL;TL1$r!"2J3X!&5;=Q3hF0$N$B$H$$$&$3$H$@(I!$B@h$K$N$Y$?%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W$d%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%Y!<%9%H!&%j%5!<%A(J(CBR)$B$O!"$=$&$7$?%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$NJohn Snow Institute$B4D6-1R@8%;%s%?!<(J$B$H$$$&(JNPO$B$O!"%\%9%H%sBg3X=jB0$N8x=01R@8$N@lLg2H0J30$K!"$=$&$7$?%G!<%?%Y!<%9$d%N%&%O%&$K4X$9$k%9%Z%7%c%j%9%H$+$i$J$kO;L>$N%9%?%C%U$K$h$C$F1?1D$5$l$F$$$?(I!$B$=$&$7$?r7o$G$b$"$k(I!$B$H$/$KAj8_3X=,$K$D$$$F$O!"%"%a%j%+$N(JCBR$B$N3hF0>u67$r$^$H$a$?%m%+8&5f=j$NJs9p=q(JCommunity-based Research in United States$B$,!"(JCBR$B$N:G$b=EMW$JFCD'$G$"$j!"@.8y$NI,MW>r7o$G$"$k$H;XE&$7$F$$$k(I!(J

          $B!!$=$N$h$&$JAj8_3X=,$K$*$$$FFC$K=EMW$J$N$O!"!V(J$BLdBj$NK]Lu(J$B!W$H$$$&%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W!?(JCBR$B$NG^2pE*F/$-$G$"$k!#$J$<$J$i!"BgB??t$,2J3X!&5;=Q$NAG?M$G$"$k%/%i%$%"%s%H$,0MMj$7$F$/$kLdBj$O!"4pK\E*$K$O$=$N$^$^$G$O@lLg2H$,$=$N@lLgJ,Ln$NCN<1$dJ}K!O@$rMQ$$$F07$($k$h$&$J7A$G$ODj<02=$5$l$F$$$J$$$?$a!"$H$b$9$l$P0MMj$r$`$b$N$G$O$J$$Ez$($rJV$9$H$$$&$3$H$K$J$j$+$M$J$$$+$i$@!#$$$$$+$($l$P!"@lLg2H$H;TL1$NG^2p$s$G$$$k$N$+$rE*3N$KGD0.$7!"@lLg2H$,M}2r$G$-!"@lLgE*$BG^2pE*@lLg@-(J$B!W$J$N$G$"$k!#(J

          $B!!!V8=Be$N$h$&$K2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$,@83h$N6y!9$K9T$-$o$?$C$?/$J$/$H$b!"Mh$N7$BAjJdE*(J$B$@$H$$$($k(I!(J

          $B!!$^$?6aG/F|K\$G$O!"2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$N@lLgE*FbMF$rJ,$+$j$d$9$/0lHL$N?M!9$KEA$(!"$^$?8e$B%$%s%?!<%W%j%?!<(J$B!W$,I,MW$@$H$$$&0U8+$r$h$/8+$+$1$k!#$7$+$7B?$/$N>l9g$=$l$O!"%^%9%a%G%#%"$d9V1i2q!"$"$k$$$O%$%s%?!<%M%C%HEy$rDL$8$?ITFCDjB??t$N@lLg2H$HITFCDjB??t$N0lHL;TL1$N$"$$$@$G$N!V(J$B6qBNE*%3%s%F%/%9%H$r7g$$$?K]Lu(J$B!W$K$9$.$:!"2J3X(I%$B5;=Q$,!"??$K;TL1$N7|G0$K1~$(!"K>$^$l$k2r7h$K4sM?$9$k!V@8$-$?CN<1!W$K$J$k$K$O!"$"$^$j$KGyA3$H$7$9$.$F$$$k$h$&$K8+$($k!#$$$C$?$$C/$N$?$a$N2J3X%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$J$N$+!#$=$b$=$b>e$N$h$&$J2J3XE*%j%F%i%7!!e!"(JCBR$B$d%5%$%(%s%9%7%g%C%W$N$h$&$J;TL1$N%(%s%Q%o%a%s%H$rC4$&AH?%$d$=$N%M%C%H%o!<%/$,$b$C$HA}$($J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$$@$m$&$7!"$=$l$K@Q6KE*$K6(NO$9$kBg3XEy$N?&6HE*@lLg2H$N?t$bA}$($kI,MW$,$"$k(I!(J

          $B!!$5$i$K$O0J>e$N$h$&$JpJsDs6!$d@lLg2H$H$N6(NO4X78$N9=C[$r$9$9$a$F$-$?86;RNO;qNA>pJs<<$H9bLZ3X9;$G$O!"(J2000$BG/=)$KK4$/$J$i$l$?85BeI=$N9bLZ?N;0O:$5$s$N0d8@$K=>$$!";TL1$K$h$k8&5fD4::3hF0$r;Y1g$9$k$?$a$N!V9bLZ4p6b!W$rAO@_$7$F$$$k(I!$B9q$,?&6HE*8&5f$BAp$N:,2J8&Hq(J$B!W$NAO@_$@(I!$B:#8e!"$3$&$7$?4p6b$NAO@_$O$^$9$^$9I,MW$H$J$C$F$/$k$@$m$&(I!$B$^$?%"%a%j%+$G$O!"(JNGO$B$dCO0h=;L1$N8&5fD4::3hF0$r;Y1g$9$k=u@.6b$rO"K.@/I\$N>JD#$,@_$1$F$$$k%1!<%9$,$"$k(I!$B$?$H$($P(J$B4D6-J]8nD#(J(EPA)$B$K$O!"(J$BZ6I(J(Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance)$B$N(J$B4D6-@55A2](J(Office of Environmental Justice)$B$,MQ0U$7$F$$$k(J$B!V>.5,LO%3%_%e%K%F%#%0%k!<%W$N$?$a$N4D6-@55A=u@.6b!W(JEnvironmental Justice Grants to Small Community Groups ($BAm3[(J$2,000,000 -$2,500,000$B!"0l7o>e8B(J$20,000)$B$d!"CO0h%3%_%e%K%F%#%0%k!<%W$HBg3X8&5f$B!V4D6-@55A$K4X$9$k%3%_%e%K%F%#$HBg3X$N%Q!<%H%J!<%7%C%W=u@.6b!W(JEnvironmental Justice Community/University Partnership Grants Program ($B0l7o>e8B(J$250,000)$B!"(J$B1x@wM=KI!&FGJ*6I(J$B$N(J$B!V4D6-@55A1x@wM=KI=u@.6b!W(J(EJ Pollution Prevention Grants)$B!"GQ4~J*!&6[5^BP1~6I$N(JSuperfund Technical Assistance Grants for Citizen Groups at Priority Sites ($BAm3[(J$1,000,000 - $2,000,000$B!"0l7o>e8B(J$50,000)$B$J$I$,$"$k(J($B=u@.6b%j%9%H$O(J$B$3$A$i(J)$B!#$^$?B>>JD#$b4^$`=u@.6b%j%9%H$O!"(J$BD4@06I(J(GSA)$B$N%$%s%?!<%M%C%H!&%5%$%H(J$B$d!"(JEPA$B$r4^$`FHN)9T@/41D#$N$b$N$K$D$$$F$O!"J]7r>J(J(DHHS)$B$N%5%$%H$K$"$k(J$B!VO"K.9qFb=u@.%+%?%m%0(J(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance: CFDA)$B!W(J$B$K8x3+$5$l$F$$$k!#(JEPA$B$@$1$G$b(J50$B6a$$%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$k!#$^$?(J$B%m%+8&5f=j(J$B$N%$%s%?!<%M%C%H%5%$%H$K$b!"3F>JD#$,Ds6!$7$F$$$k=u@.6b$N4JC1$J(J$B%j%9%H(J(1999$BG/(J11$B7n8=:_(J)$B$,$"$k!#9T@/5!4X$+$i$N=u@.6b$K$O!"$=$N:NBr2aDx$NF)L@@-$dCfN)@-!&8xJ?$5$NE@$GCm0U$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$E@$,$"$k$N$O$b$A$m$s$@$,!">/$J$/$H$bCOJ}<+<#BN%l%Y%k$G$3$&$$$&@)EY$r@_$1$k$3$H$O=EMW$@$m$&(I!(J


          Last updated: May 15, 2001

          HOME