$B#8!%9T@/I\!&N)K!I\30It$NAH?%!'!!(B
$BFHN)@lLg2HCDBN$HMx324X78
8.1. $BFHN)@lLg2HCDBN(B:$B!!A4JF%"%+%G%_!<(B(NAs) - $BA4JF8&5fI>5D2q(B(NRC)
$B!!9T@/I\!&N)K!I\30It$NAH?%$NI.F,$K5s$2$i$l$k$N$O!"FHN)$N@lLg2HCDBN$G$"$kA4JF2J3X%"%+%G%_!<(B(NAS)$B!&A4JF9)3X%"%+%G%_!<(B(NAE)$B!&0e3X5!4X(B(IOM)$B$+$i$J$k(B$BA4JF%"%+%G%_!<(B(National Academies:
NAs)$B$G$"$j!"@/I\$H$NG^2p5!G=$r$b$D>o@_AH?%$G$"$k(B$BA4JF8&5fI>5D2q(B(National
Research Council: NRC)$B$N$5$^$6$^$J0Q0w2q$rDL$8$F!"5D2q$d5,@)>JD#$KBP$7$F@lLgE*$J=u8@$d4+9p!"I>2A$r9T$&!#(B
$B!!5,@)@/:v$K$H$C$F$b$C$H$b=EMW$J(BNRC$B$N@.2L$O!"$9$G$K8@5Z$7$?(B$B!XO"K.@/I\$K$*$1$k%j%9%/I>2A!Y(B(Risk
Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process)$B$G$"$k!#@h=R$N$h$&$K!"(BSAB$B$O!"%j%9%/I>2A!&4IM}$N$&$A!"I>2A$H!"4IM}$N$&$A87L)$K2J3XE*5;=QE*$JItJ,$N$_$r07$&$H$$$&!"4D6-J]8nD#8&5f3+H/6I(B(ORD)$B$K$*$1$k%j%9%/I>2A8&5f$d!"2J3X;pLd0Q0w2q(B(SAB)$B$N@-3JIU$1$b$3$l$K=>$C$F$$$k(B($BJd0d(B1$B;2>H(B)$B!#(B
$B!!$^$?!"5,@)@/:v$NMx324X78D!&%3%s%;%s%5%9:n$j$K4X$o$k%j%9%/%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s$K$D$$$F$O!"(B$B!X%j%9%/%3%_%e%K%1!<%7%g%s!'A0?J$X$NDs8@!Y(B(Improving
Risk Communication (NRC 1989))$B$,$"$k!#$3$NJs9p=q$O!"%j%9%/I>2A!&4IM}$,$O$i$`LdBjE@$d:$Fq$O!"C1$K2J3XE*5;=QE*$J$b$N$G$O$J$/!"$5$^$6$^$J
$B!!$h$j6qBNE*$J%l%t%'%k$G$O!"(BNRC$B$O(B$B!V@8L?2J3X0Q0w2q!W(B(Commission
on Life Science: CLS)$B$H(B$B!VCO5e2J3X!&4D6-!&;q8;0Q0w2q!W(B(Commission
on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources: CGER)$B$,6&F11?1D$7$F$$$k(B$B!V4D6-8&5f!&FG@-3X0Q0w2q!W(B(Board
on Environmental Studies and Toxicology: BEST)$B$,!"(B$B!X4D6-J]8nD#$N4D6-%b%K%?%j%s%0$*$h$S4D6-I>2A%W%m%0%i%`$K4X$9$kI>2A!Y(B(Review
of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall
Evaluation, National Academy Press, 1995)$B$d!"(B$B!X%j%9%/I>2A$K$*$1$k2J3X$HH=CG!Y(B
(Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment (National Academy Press,
1994))$B!"(B$B!XJF9q4D6-J]8nD#2J3X$r6/2=$9$k!'8&5f$H4IM}!"%T%"%l%t%e!<3hF0!Y(B(Strengthening
Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research-Management
and Peer-Review Practices, National Academy Press, 2000)$B$J$I!"%j%9%/I>2A!&4IM}$NA4HL$K$o$?$k$b$N$b4^$a!"$5$^$6$^$JJs9p$r9T$C$F$$$k!#(B(BEST$B$NJs9p=q%j%9%H$O(B$B$3$A$i(B$B!#(B)
$B!!$3$l$i$NJs9p=q$N$&$A6aG/H/4)$5$l$?$b$N$O!"(B$BA4JF%"%+%G%_!<=PHG2q(B$B$N%&%'%V%5%$%H$NL5=~%*%s%i%$%s%5!<%S%9$GFI$a$k!#(B
$B!!(BBEST$B$N%a%s%P!<$O!"8=:_(B23$B?M$G!"4XO"J,Ln$N@lLg2H!":bCD$d!"2=3X;:6H4XO"$NCDBN$NBeI=$+$i9=@.$5$l$F$$$k!#(BBEST$B$N:n6H$O!"5D2q$d>JD#$+$i$NMW@A$d!"0Q0w2q%a%s%P!<$K$h$k@oN,E*8&5f7W2h$K4p$E$$$F9T$o$l$F$$$k!#(B
8.2. $BMx324X78
$B!!(BNAs$B$N$h$&$J?&6HE*@lLg2H$NAH?%$K2C$($F!"4D6-$d8x=01R@8$r3hF0%F!<%^$K$7$?4D6-1R@8(BNGO$B$J$I$NMx324X78$B<+A3;q8;KI1R2q5D(B(National Resource Defense
Council: NRDC)$B!"(B$B4D6-KI1R4p6b(B(Environmental
Defense Fund: EDF)$B!"(B$B%7%(%i%/%i%V(B$B!"(B$B@$3&<+A3J]8n4p6b(B(WWF)$B$J$I$NBg$-$J4D6-1R@8(BNGO($B4D6-8x1WCDBN(B)$B$d!"(B$B@$3&;q8;8&5f=j(B(WRI)$B$J$IFHN)%7%s%/%?%s%/$,$"$k!#$3$N$[$+!"$?$H$($P(B1979$BG/$KH/@8$7=;L10\=;$r$b$?$i$7$?%@%$%*%-%7%s1x@w!V%i%t(I%$B%+%J%k;v7o!W$G7k@.$5$l!"%o%7%s%H%s$K$b>pJs%;%s%?!<$r@_CV$7$?%0%k!<%W$N$h$&$K!"8DJL%$%7%e!<$K$D$$$F7k@.!&4XM?$9$k$b$N$b$"$k!#(B($B%i%t(I%$B%-%c%J%k$N%0%k!<%W$O8=:_$b=EMW$J>pJs%;%s%?!<$H$7$F3hLv$7$F$$$k$H$$$&!#(B)
$BA4JF:GBg$N>CHq$B>CHq$B$b!"8DJL%$%7%e!<$K4X$7$F5,@)@/:v$K4XM?$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B!!$5$i$K$O!"$5$^$6$^$J=P<+$NCO0hE*%0%k!<%W$+$i$J$k(BNGO$B=8CD$b:vDj2aDx$K4X$o$C$F$$$k!#$b$C$H$bB?$$=P<+$O!"=w@-CDBN$d>/?tL1B2%0%k!<%W$G$"$j!"4D6-J]8n$d4D6-1R@8$K4X$9$k=8CD$r9=@.$7!"8xD02q$J$I$X>pJsH/?.%0%k!<%W$d>Z?M$rGI8/$7$F$$$k!#$^$?!"$3$&$7$?%0%k!<%W$O$7$P$7$P!"(B1993$BG/$N4D6-J]8nD#(B(EPA)$B$N@oN,7W2h$N<786B'$N0l$D$H$5$l!"MbG/$N(B$BBgE}NNNa(B12898
$B9f!V>/?tGI$*$h$SDc=jF@AX$K$*$1$k4D6-@55A$K$B$GO"K.@/I\$N@/:v86B'$H$b$J$C$?(B$B!V4D6-@55A(B(Environmental
Justice)$B!W(B$B$r8e$m=b$K$7$F7A@.$5$l$F$$$k!#(B
$B!!4D6-1R@8(BNGO$B$d0lHL;TL1$,!"5,@)@/:v$K4X$o$k%A%c%s%M%k$O!"Y$@!#$?$H$($P<+A3;q8;KI1R2q5D$d%7%(%i%/%i%V!"4D6-KI1R4p6b$J$I$N$h$&$K!"K!N'$N@lLg2H$rFbIt$KMJ$7!"AJ>Y3hF0$KNO$rF~$l$F$$$k$H$3$m$,B?$$$3$H$O!"JF9q$B%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%Y!<%9%H!&%j%5!<%A(B(Community-based
Research)$B$N(BNGO$B$N0l$D(BJSI
Center for Environmental Health Studies$B$G$NY$,!"$=$N:G=*%W%m%;%9$K0LCVIU$1$i$l$F$$$?!#$b$&0l$D$N%A%c%s%M%k$H$7$F$O!"@h$K(BEPA$B2J3X;pLd0Q0w2q(B(SAB)$B$N9`$G=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"JF9q$N4D6-1R@8(BNGO$B$O!"FH<+$K<+A32J3X$N@lLg2H$rMJ$7!"(BSAB$B%a%s%P!<$K$bA*=P$5$l$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"5,@)@/:v$K@lLgE*!&@lLgE*$J%$%s%W%C%H$r9T$C$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$,$"$k!#(B
$B!!$H$3$m$G!"JF9qY$,B?$$$3$H$NGX7J$K$O!"JF9q4D6-K!$G$O!"F|K\$K$O$J$$(B$B!V;TL1AJ>Y(B(citizen
suits)$B!W(B$B$N5,Dj$,$"$j!"!V2??M(B($B;TL1(B)$B$K$b!"L14V$N;JK!D941(B(private authority general)$B$N8"8B$r;}$C$F9TF0$7!"@)DjK!>e$N5AL3Mz9T$rBU$C$F$$$k0cH?!AJEv;vt2=K!2~@5$N:]$KO"K.5D2q$K$h$C$F5,Dj$5$l$?$b$N$G$"$j!"$=$N8e!"$3$l$r%b%G%k$K$7$F!"?et2=K!!"@dLG4mW|Y$G$O!":9;_@A5a$@$1$G$J$/!"L1;v2]D'6b$,5_:Q-Mh$N0cH?$NKI;_!"4D6-1R@8(BNGO$B$K$h$kAJ>YDs5/$N>)Ne$J$I$NLr3d$rC4$C$F$$$k!#(B
$B!!F|K\$HHf3S$7$?>l9g!"AJ>Y$K$D$$$F$O!"!V869pE,3J!W$NHO0O$b=EMW$G$"$k!#JF9q:G9b:[H==j$G$O!"869p$,9T@/D#$rAjY$r5/$3$9>l9g$N869pE,3J$H$7$F!V;ve$NHo32!W$r$&$3$H$J$/Hs8x3+$K9T$o$l$l$P!"O"K.;pLd0Q0w2qK!(B(FACA)$B$GJ]>Z$5$l$F$$$k!V?35D%W%m%;%9$X$N%"%/%;%98"$N?/32!W$r$b$C$F869pE,3J$rG'$a$kH=Nc$,!"%o%7%s%H%s(BD.C.$B=d2s:[H==j$G=P$F$$$k(B(Jasanoff
1990, p.47)$B!#(B
$B!!4D6-1R@8(BNGO$B$d0lHL;TL1$,5,@)@/:v$N:vDj$dpJs8x3+K!(B)$B$N$[$+!"$?$H$($PM-32J*pJs8x3+$H=;L1;22C$rB%?J$9$k@)EY$,$"$k!#(BEPCRA$B$G$O!"M-32J*CKI!"1R@86I!"IB1!!"4XO"4k6HBeI=
$B!!$^$?!"(BEPCRA$B4X78$G$O!"4D6-J]8nD#$r4^$`>JD#$H:bCD$+$i=u@.$5$l!"(BThe
OMB Watch$B$H(BThe Unison Institute$B$H$$$&Fs$D$N(BNGO$B$,1?1D$9$k(B"RTK
NET"($BCN$k8"Mx%M%C%H(B)$B$,!"(B1989$BG/0JMh!"$5$^$6$^$J4XO">pJs$d%G!<%?%Y!<%9$H$=$NMxMQ$K4X$9$k5;=Q%5%]!<%H$r!"%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$rDL$8$FL5NA$G8x3+!&Ds6!$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B!!5,@)@/:v$KBP$9$k(BNGO$B$d0lHL;TL1$+$i$N%$%s%W%C%H$r2DG=$K$7$F$$$k@)EYE*4pHW$H$7$F!"$b$&0l$D=EMW$J$N$O!"(BNGO$B$d;TL1!&CO0h=;L1$N2J3XE*%-%c%Q%7%F%#$N9=C[$r;Y1g$9$k(BNGO$B!&CO0h%3%_%e%K%F%#8~$1$N$5$^$6$^$J=u@.%W%m%0%i%`@)EY(B$B$NB8:_$@!#O"K.@/I\5!4X$+$i$N=u@.%W%m%0%i%`$K$O!"CO0h;TL1%0%k!<%W8~$1$+$i4k6H8~$1!"@lLg8&5fpJs$O!"(B$BD4@06I(B(GSA)$B$N%$%s%?!<%M%C%H!&%5%$%H(B$B$d!"(BEPA$B$r4^$`FHN)9T@/41D#$N$b$N$K$D$$$F$O!"J]7r>J(B(DHHS)$B$N%5%$%H$K$"$k(B$B!VO"K.9qFb=u@.%+%?%m%0(B(Catalog
of Federal Domestic Assistance: CFDA)$B!W(B$B$K8x3+$5$l$F$$$k!#(BEPA$B$@$1$G$b(B50$B6a$$%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$k!#$^$?%3%_%e%K%F%#!&%Y!<%9%H!&%j%5!<%A$N8&5f!&>pJs%;%s%?!<$H$7$FF/$$$F$$$k(B$B%m%+8&5f=j(B$B$N%$%s%?!<%M%C%H%5%$%H$K$b!"3F>JD#$,Ds6!$7$F$$$k=u@.6b$N4JC1$J(B$B%j%9%H(B(1999$BG/(B11$B7n8=:_(B)$B$,$"$k!#(B
$B!!(BEPA$B$N$J$+$G!"(BNGO$B$d;TL1!&CO0h=;L1$N2J3XE*%-%c%Q%7%F%#$N9=C[$KLrN)$D$b$N$K$O!"(B$BZ6I(B(Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance)$B$N(B$B4D6-@55A2](B(Office
of Environmental Justice)$B$,MQ0U$7$F$$$k(B$B!V>.5,LO%3%_%e%K%F%#%0%k!<%W$N$?$a$N4D6-@55A=u@.6b!W(BEnvironmental
Justice Grants to Small Community Groups ($BAm3[(B$2,000,000 -
$2,500,000$B!"0l7o>e8B(B$20,000)$B$d!"CO0h%3%_%e%K%F%#%0%k!<%W$HBg3X8&5f$B!V4D6-@55A$K4X$9$k%3%_%e%K%F%#$HBg3X$N%Q!<%H%J!<%7%C%W=u@.6b!W(BEnvironmental
Justice Community/University Partnership Grants Program ($B0l7o>e8B(B$250,000)$B!"(B$B1x@wM=KI!&FGJ*6I(B$B$N(B$B!V4D6-@55A1x@wM=KI=u@.6b!W(B(EJ
Pollution Prevention Grants)$B!"GQ4~J*!&6[5^BP1~6I$N(BSuperfund Technical
Assistance Grants for Citizen Groups at Priority Sites ($BAm3[(B$1,000,000
- $2,000,000$B!"0l7o>e8B(B$50,000)$B$J$I$,$"$k(B($B=u@.6b%j%9%H$O(B$B$3$A$i(B)$B!#(B
$B$3$l$i$OpJs$J$I$N7A@.$KMQ$$$i$l$F$$$k!#$^$?!"%j%9%/4IM}$N
$B!!(BEPA$B$N3F6I$,Ds6!$7$F$$$k(BNGO$B$dCO0h%3%_%e%K%F%#;Y1g%W%m%0%i%`$NA4BN%j%9%H(B(1999$BG/(B1$B7n8=:_(B)$B$O!"(B$BZ6I$N%$%s%?!<%M%C%H%5%$%H(B$B$d!"(B$B@/:v!&7P:Q!&5;=Q3W?76I(B$B$,8x3+$7$F$$$k(B$B!V%3%_%e%K%F%#=u@.6b(B(Community
Grants)$B!W$N%j%9%H(B(2000$BG/(B5$B7n8=:_(B)$B$,$"$k!#8epJs$,$"$k!#(B
$B$3$l$i$N$&$A(B$B!VHs1DMxAH?%$N$?$a$N4D6-J]8nD#$N%j%=!<%9!W(B(EPA
Resources for Non-Profit Organizations$B$K$O!">e=R$N4D6-@55A4XO"$N=u@.6b$N$[$+!"(B$B4D6-650i6I(B$B$N(B$B4D6-650i=u@.6b(B$B$J$I$N0FFb$b$"$k!#(B
$B$^$?!"$3$&$7$?(BEPA$B$K$h$k%3%_%e%K%F%#;Y1g$b4^$`%3%_%e%K%F%#N)5SE*$J%"%W%m!<%A$K$D$$$F$N>\:Y$O!"(B$B!V%3%_%e%K%F%#N)5S7?4D6-J]8n!W(B(Community-Based
Environmental Protection; CBEP)$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!#(B
8.3.$BMx324X78
$B!!5,@)@/:v$X$N@lLgE*%$%s%W%C%H$r9T$&Mx324X78
$B!!;:6H3&$+$i$O!"8DJL$N4k6H8&5f=j$@$1$G$J$/!"6H3&$GAH?%$9$k$5$^$6$^$JHs1DMxCDBN(B(NPO)$B$d8&5f!&;n835!4X$,$"$j!"6H3&$NMx32$rBeI=$7$?5D2q$X$N%m%S!<3hF0$@$1$G$J$/!"%l%.%e%i%H%j!<(I%$B%5%$%(%s%9$NC4$$J,$:$D=P;q$7$F$$$kH>41H>L1$NAH?%$G$b$"$k!#2
$BI=(B12$B!!5,@)@/:v$K$+$+$o$k;:6H3&$NAH?%(B
|
NPO |
|
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH)
American Industrial Health Council (AIHC)
American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT)
Chemical Manufacture Association (CMA)
American Petroleum Institute (API)
American Council of Science and Health (ACSH)$B$J$I(B |
|
$B%3%s%5%k%?%s%H4k6H(B |
|
SRI International
CH2M Hill
Dames & Moore
Harding Lawson$B$J$I(B |
$B!!$H$3$m$G%8%c%6%N%U$K$h$l$P!"6H3&8&5f5!4X$N$J$+$K$O!"(BAmerican Council of Science and
Health (ACSH)$B$N$h$&$K!"4D6-1R@8(BNGO$B$d>CHq
|